Python的繪圖工具turtle

講者：王婕瑜

2019/10/27

OUTLINE

  • 基本功能
  • Turtle motion
  • Pen control
  • Window control
  • 實作：皮卡丘的臉

基本功能

Image by David Mark from Pixabay 

Turtle motion

函式 寫法
畫筆定位到座標(x,y) turtle.goto(x,y)
向正方向運動 distance 長的距離 turtle.forward(distance)
向負方向運動 distance 長的距離 turtle.backward(distance)
向右偏 angle 度 turtle.right(angle)
向左偏 angle 度 turtle.left(angle)
函式 寫法
回到原點 turtle.home()
畫圓形 radius 為半徑，extent 為圓的角度 turtle.circle(radius, extent=None, steps=None)
以 speed 速度運動 turtle.speed(speed) 
import turtle

turtle.speed(5)

turtle.goto(0,0)

for i in range(4):
    turtle.forward(100)
    turtle.right(90)

turtle.home()
turtle.circle(50,270)

Pen control

函式 寫法
落筆 turtle.pendown()
起筆 turtle.penup()
畫筆粗細 turtle.pensize(width)
畫筆顏色 turtle.pencolor(*args）
筆畫形狀 turtle.shape()
函式 寫法
填充顏色 turtle.fillcolor(*args)
開始填充 turtle.begin_fill()
結束填充 turtle.end_fill()
寫文字 ​turtle.write(arg, move=False, align=”left”, font=(“Arial”, 8, “normal”)) 
import turtle

turtle.pencolor('red')

turtle.pendown()

turtle.fillcolor('blue')

turtle.begin_fill()

for i in range(4):
    turtle.forward(200)
    turtle.right(90)
turtle.end_fill()
turtle.penup()
turtle.goto(100,-100)
turtle.write('Crossin程式設計教室')

Window control

函式 寫法
設定背景顏色 turtle.bgcolor(*args)

實作：皮卡丘的臉

import turtle

導入

# 畫鼻子
def drawNose():
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(90)
    turtle.fd(100)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('black')
    turtle.seth(45)
    turtle.fd(25)
    turtle.seth(135)
    turtle.circle(25, 95)
    turtle.seth(315)
    turtle.fd(25)
    turtle.end_fill()

鼻子

# 畫眼睛
def drawEyes(seth, fd, r):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(seth)
    turtle.fd(fd)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('black')
    turtle.circle(50)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.circle(50, r)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('white')
    turtle.circle(20)
    turtle.end_fill()

眼睛

# 畫臉
def drawFace(seth, fd):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(seth)
    turtle.fd(fd)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('red')
    turtle.circle(70)
    turtle.end_fill()

臉

# 畫嘴巴
def drawLip():
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(135)
    turtle.fd(250)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.seth(-300)
    turtle.circle(30, -65)
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('Firebrick')
    turtle.seth(165)
    turtle.fd(140)
    turtle.seth(195)
    turtle.fd(140)
    turtle.seth(-360)
    turtle.circle(30, -65)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(-60)
    turtle.circle(30, 65)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.seth(-70)
    turtle.fd(240)
    turtle.circle(55, 140)
    turtle.seth(70)
    turtle.fd(240)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.seth(-110)
    turtle.fd(80)
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('Firebrick')
    turtle.seth(120)
    turtle.circle(120, 123)
    turtle.seth(-70)
    turtle.fd(165)
    turtle.circle(55, 140)
    turtle.seth(72)
    turtle.fd(165)
    turtle.end_fill()

嘴巴

# 主函式
def main():
    turtle.pensize(4)
    turtle.hideturtle()
    turtle.setup(1000, 600)
    turtle.speed(10)
    turtle.screensize(bg='yellow')
    drawNose()
    drawEyes(160, 250, 60)
    drawEyes(-9.5, 530, 230)
    drawFace(195, 600)
    drawFace(-11, 720)
    drawLip()
    turtle.done()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

主函式

成果

完整程式碼

import turtle


# 畫鼻子
def drawNose():
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(90)
    turtle.fd(100)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('black')
    turtle.seth(45)
    turtle.fd(25)
    turtle.seth(135)
    turtle.circle(25, 95)
    turtle.seth(315)
    turtle.fd(25)
    turtle.end_fill()


# 畫眼睛
def drawEyes(seth, fd, r):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(seth)
    turtle.fd(fd)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('black')
    turtle.circle(50)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.circle(50, r)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('white')
    turtle.circle(20)
    turtle.end_fill()


# 畫臉
def drawFace(seth, fd):
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(seth)
    turtle.fd(fd)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('red')
    turtle.circle(70)
    turtle.end_fill()


# 畫嘴巴
def drawLip():
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(135)
    turtle.fd(250)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.seth(-300)
    turtle.circle(30, -65)
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('Firebrick')
    turtle.seth(165)
    turtle.fd(140)
    turtle.seth(195)
    turtle.fd(140)
    turtle.seth(-360)
    turtle.circle(30, -65)
    turtle.penup()
    turtle.seth(-60)
    turtle.circle(30, 65)
    turtle.pendown()
    turtle.seth(-70)
    turtle.fd(240)
    turtle.circle(55, 140)
    turtle.seth(70)
    turtle.fd(240)
    turtle.end_fill()
    turtle.seth(-110)
    turtle.fd(80)
    turtle.begin_fill()
    turtle.fillcolor('Firebrick')
    turtle.seth(120)
    turtle.circle(120, 123)
    turtle.seth(-70)
    turtle.fd(165)
    turtle.circle(55, 140)
    turtle.seth(72)
    turtle.fd(165)
    turtle.end_fill()


# 主函式
def main():
    turtle.pensize(4)
    turtle.hideturtle()
    turtle.setup(1000, 600)
    turtle.speed(10)
    turtle.screensize(bg='yellow')
    drawNose()
    drawEyes(160, 250, 60)
    drawEyes(-9.5, 530, 230)
    drawFace(195, 600)
    drawFace(-11, 720)
    drawLip()
    turtle.done()


if __name__ == '__main__':
    main()

參考資料

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