It's an analysis.

Of literature (a novel).

With equal part emphasis on research.

And, it's an argument.

Components

• Clear, concise thesis that is arguable
• AN ARGUMENT
• Body paragraphs with evidential support
  • Primary text, and...
  • Research/secondary sources
  • Claims, Reasons, Evidence, Warrants
• Clear, logical transitions between:
  • Thesis and body paragraphs
  • Body paragraphs 
  • Body and conclusion
• Evidential Support
• A conclusion that doesn't merely restate argument

Areas of Potential Focus

• Plot
• Context
• Setting 
• Characters
• Literary Devices
• Literary Theories
• Cultural Theories
• Themes
• Symbol
• Metaphor

Consider:

• How components relate to each other
• What those components mean
• Why a particular analysis/argument matters

You must consider purpose. 

Ask: So what?

When Writing the Analysis:

• Focus specifically on the text
• Utilize research to support (not make) your analysis
• Make a specific, arguable thesis about your novel
• Support all arguments with specific claims and evidence

Research Evidence Might Be:

• Logical
• Factual
• Statistical
• Anecdotal
• Theoretical (background or synthesis of theory)

Arguable Theses:

• Our Lady of the Ruins' crisis of faith represents a necessary reconsideration of the definition of faith in a post-patriarchal society.
• Vocalization, song, and confession in Our Lady of the Ruins all illustrate an ecocritical act of creation.

Forms of Textual & Research Evidence

• Quotations
• Paraphrase
• Summary

You must cite all material from your primary or secondary sources.

• Relate all research and evidence to your thesis
• Avoid overuse of sources
• Do. Not. Plagiarize. 
• Focus on your argument, not your sources'.