Animating SVG with CSS and JavaScript

 SVG ... what?

Scalable Vector Graphics

  • Animating  with CSS
    • ​Transition & Transform & Rotate
    • Keyframes Animation
      • Demo: Alien Ship / Letter Drawing
  •  Animating  with CSS and Javascript* 
    • ​Demo: Fullstack

Text

                                                       * we will not cover details on this

Vector

Made of mathematical calculations that form objects and lines.

Resolution-independent: Can be printed at any size/resolution.

Easily convertible to raster

cons: It is not the best format for photographs or photo-like elements with blends of color.

Raster

 Made of pixels

cons: It cannot be scaled up without losing quality.

Depending on the complexity of the image, conversion to vector may be time consuming.

VS.

CSS'ing SVGs

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 -50 400 200">
  <g class="gear">
     <circle class="gear-bg" fill="#39ADD1" cx="200" cy="50" r="90"></circle>
     <path class="gear-icon" fill="#FFFFFF" d="M231.9,10.9c-1.8-0.6-3.6-0.6-5.1,0.3L216.2,17c-1.5-0.9-3-1.2-4.2-1.8l-3.1-11.5
       6,1.

   ......... (mathematical calculations....more about this)

2.7-3.9-3.3l-11.5-3c-0.3-1.5-1.2-3-1.8-4.2l5.7-10.6c0.9-1.5,0.9-3.3,0.3-5.1c-0.6-1.8-1.8-3-3-4.2
        C234.6,12.4,233.1,11.5,231.9,10.9z M211.4,38.8c6.1,6,6.1,16.4,0.1,22.4s-16.3,6.1-22.4,0c-6.1-6.1-6.1-16.4-0.1-22.4
        S205,32.5,211.4,38.8z"></path>
   </g>
</svg>

Before CSS: SVG Presentation Attributes

gear.svg

Shared with CSS

SVG-Only

font, font-family, font-size, font-size-adjust, font-stretch, font-style, font-variant, font-weight, direction, letter-spacing, text-decoration, unincode-bidi, word-spacing, visibility, text-rendering, writing-mode, clip-path, mask-opacity, filter, pointer-events, image-rendering, clip, color, cursor, display, overflow 

 clip-rule, flood-color, flood-opacity, stop-opacity, kerning, tech-anchor, color-profile, color-rendering, fill, fill-opacity, fill-rule, marker, marker-end, marker-mid, marker-start, stroke, stroke-width, stop-color, lighting-color, enable-background, dominant-baseline, color-interpolation-filters, color-interpolation, glyph-orientation-horizontal, glyph-orientation-vertical, shape-rendering, baseline-shift, alignment-baseline, stroke-miterlimit, stroke-linejoin, stroke-linecap, stroke-dashoffset, stroke-dasharray, stroke-opacity

In SVG2, more presentation attributes will be added.

Full List

CSS recipe

 Transition:    <property> <duration> <time-function> <delay>

Defaults to all

Defaults to ease

Defaults to 0

example: 

                                       .gear-icon {
                                    transition: transform .4s ease-out;
                                    transform-origin: 50% 50%;
                             }

 

Animating SVGs with CSS

Using CSS Transitions

 Rotate & Scale

Demo

Source: Treehouse

Checkout time functions in Dev tool !

transform-origin: SVG vs HTML

transform-origin (default value)
HTML Elements (div, ::before, etc.)
SVG Elements (circle, rect, etc.)

50% 50%

(the center of the element itself, calculated relative to its box model)

0 0

(top left corner of the SVG canvas, not of the element itself)

transform-origin: SVG vs HTML

Example: 45deg Rotation

<!DOCTYPE html>

<div style="width: 100px; height: 100px; background-color: orange"> </div>

<svg style="width: 150px; height: 150px; background-color: #eee">

        <rect width="100" height="100" x="25" y="25" fill="orange" />

</svg>

Setting transform-origin in SVG using CSS

  1. Using percentage values: The value is set relative to the element's bounding box, which includes the stroke used to draw its border.
  2. Using absolute values: The origin is set relative to the SVG canvas.

Setting transform-origin in SVG using CSS

Example

<!DOCTYPE html>

<style>

    div, rect { transform-origin: 50% 50%; }

</style>

Using CSS Animations & Transforms

Keyframes

Keyframe Animation

Text

The list of transitions should happen over the course of the animation 

Example: bouncing shape

codepen source

Demo: Alien Ships

<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" version="1.1" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 450 250" enable-background="new 0 0 450 250" xml:space="preserve" class="svg ufo-building">
  <g class="ufo-building-float">
    <g class="building">
      .........
      <g class="building-body">
       .......
      </g>
      <g class="building-flames">
        .......
      </g>
    </g>
    <g class="ufo-big">
      ........
      <g class="ufo-big-lights">
       .........
      </g>
    </g>
    <g class="ufo-small">
      .........
    </g>
  </g>
</svg>

"building"

"ufo-big"

"ufo-small"

All three are grouped in the "ufo-building-float" class

index.html

keyframes

@keyframes ufo-building-float {
  0%   {transform: translateY(0)}
  25%  {transform: translateY(-25px)}
  75%  {transform: translateY(25px)}
  100% {transform: translateY(0)}
}

.ufo-building-float {
  animation: ufo-building-float 5s linear infinite;
}

@keyframes ufo-big {
  0%        {opacity: 0}
  15%, 70%  {opacity: 1}
  85%, 100% {opacity: 0}
}

@keyframes ufo-small {
  0%, 10%  {opacity: 0}
  25%, 85% {opacity: 1}
  100%     {opacity: 0}
}

.ufo-big {
  animation: ufo-big 5s ease infinite;
}

.ufo-small {
  animation: ufo-small 5s ease infinite;
}


@keyframes ufo-big-lights {
  0%        {fill: #000}
  20%       {fill: #fbcb43}
  40%, 100% {fill: #000}
}

.ufo-big-lights-light {
  animation: ufo-big-lights 2.5s ease infinite;
}

.ufo-big-lights--2 {animation-delay: .2s}
.ufo-big-lights--3 {animation-delay: .4s}
.ufo-big-lights--4 {animation-delay: .6s}
.ufo-big-lights--5 {animation-delay: .8s}



@keyframes building-flames {
  0%   {transform: scale(1, 1)}
  50%  {transform: scale(1, 1.1)}
  100% {transform: scale(1, 1)}
}

.building-flames path {
  fill: #d84437;
  animation       : building-flames .15s ease infinite;
  transform-origin: center top;
}

Moving up and down

hide and show

style.css

Animate Recipe



@keyframes kfName {
  0%        { <property> : <value>; }    //from here
  20%       { <property> : <value>; }
  40%, 100%  { <property> : <value>; }   // to here
}

<property name / animate target> {
  
        animation: kfName <duration> <delay> <iteration>; //iteration can be infinite / finite

}

Creating the Illusion


<svg viewBox="0 0 500 500" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
  <defs/>
  <path class="letterS" d=" ...... "/>
</svg>


svg {
    display: block;
    margin: 2em, auto 0;
    width: 70%;
}

@keyframes offset {
	100% {
		stroke-dashoffset: 0;
	}
}

.letterS {
    fill: #FFF;
    stroke: #000;
    stroke-width: 2;
    stroke-dasharray: 800;      // in JS: pathclassName.getTotalLength()
    stroke-dashoffset: 800;    
    animation: offset 5s linear forwards;
}

index.html

style.css

And animating other attributes that simply cannot be set/styled/changed via CSS..

Animating SVG with Javascript

Demo: Fullstack drawing

More..

 

Playstation Product Drawing

Weather Icons

 

Sources

<Library>

Javascript:  Snap 

<Tool>

Creating SVG: Adobe Illustrator / Boxy SVG (Chrome Extension)

<Course/Tutorial>

1. SVG Basics  (Treehouse)

2. Web Animation (CodeSchool)

3. Animating SVG with CSS (Treehouse)

 

Questions?

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