Python Packaging

Jakub Wasielak

http://blog.pykonik.org/

http://koderek.edu.pl/

facebook.com/startechkrk

https://pl.pycon.org/2017/

What? Why?

Architecture

https://packaging.python.org/current/

Installation Tool Recommendations

  • pip
  • virtualenv

 

Packaging Tool Recommendations

  • setuptools
  • bdist_wheel
  • twine
$ python setup.py --help-commands
Standard commands:
  build             build everything needed to install
  build_py          "build" pure Python modules (copy to build directory)
  build_ext         build C/C++ extensions (compile/link to build directory)
  build_clib        build C/C++ libraries used by Python extensions
  build_scripts     "build" scripts (copy and fixup #! line)
  clean             clean up temporary files from 'build' command
  install           install everything from build directory
  install_lib       install all Python modules (extensions and pure Python)
  install_headers   install C/C++ header files
  install_scripts   install scripts (Python or otherwise)
  install_data      install data files
  sdist             create a source distribution (tarball, zip file, etc.)
  register          register the distribution with the Python package index
  bdist             create a built (binary) distribution
  bdist_dumb        create a "dumb" built distribution
  bdist_rpm         create an RPM distribution
  bdist_wininst     create an executable installer for MS Windows
  upload            upload binary package to PyPI
  check             perform some checks on the package

Extra commands:
  ... this one goes on

Asking for help?

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

(source: https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html)

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

(source: https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html)

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

setuptools_scm

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    use_scm_version=True,
    setup_requires=['setuptools_scm'],
    # ...
)

PEP 440

https://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0440/

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

(source: https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html)

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

(source: https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html)

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

(source: https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html)

setup.py

Best classifier?

"Private :: Do Not Upload"

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    version = "0.0.4",
    author = "Jakub Wasielak",
    author_email = "kuba.wasielak@gmail.com",
    description = ("An demonstration of how to create, document, and publish "
                                   "to the cheese shop a5 pypi.org."),
    license = "BSD",
    keywords = "example documentation tutorial",
    url = "http://packages.python.org/an_example_pypi_project",
    packages=['an_example_pypi_project', 'tests'],
    long_description=read('README'),
    classifiers=[
        "Development Status :: 3 - Alpha",
        "Topic :: Utilities",
        "License :: OSI Approved :: BSD License",
    ],
)

(source: https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html)

setup.py

import os
from setuptools import setup, find_packages

PACKAGES = find_packages(where="src")

setup(
    # ...
    packages=PACKAGES,
    # ...
)

(source: https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html)

There's more!

setup(
    name = "an_example_pypi_project",
    # ...
    install_requires=[
        "cherrypy==3.5",
        "lxml",
        "Pillow>=2.1,<3dev"
    ],
)

Extras

setup(
    # ...
    install_requires=[
        "cherrypy>=3.5,<3.6dev",
        "lxml",
        "Pillow>=2.1,<3dev"
    ],
    extras_require=dict(
        doc = ['Sphinx>=1.3'],
        notebook = ['notebook', 'ipywidgets'],
        # ... (^ comes from IPython)
    )
)
python setup.py install 'ipython[notebook]'

Tests? Why not!

setup(
    # ...
    install_requires=[
        "cherrypy>=3.5,<3.6dev",
        "lxml",
        "Pillow>=2.1,<3dev"
    ],
    tests_require=[
        'Pyro>=3.16,<4dev',
        'pytest>=2.3',
        'selenium'
    ]
)

python setup.py test

or...

setup(
    # ...
    install_requires=[
        "cherrypy>=3.5,<3.6dev",
        "lxml",
        "Pillow>=2.1,<3dev"
    ],
    extras_require={
        'testing': [
            'Pyro>=3.16,<4dev',
            'pytest>=2.3',
            'selenium'
        ]
    }
)
And tox to install

Entry Points

setup(
    # ...
    'entry_points': {
        'console_scripts': ['virtualenv=virtualenv:main'],
    },
)
$ python virtualenv.py my_venv

vs.

$ virtualenv my_venv

setup.cfg

[global]
verbose = 1

[bdist_wheel]
universal = 1

[metadata]
license_file = LICENSE

[easy_install]
index_url = https://devpi.company.net/root/sth/+simple/

[tool:pytest]
norecursedirs = build env services *.egg project/lib/test

MANIFEST.in

include CHANGES.txt
include project/handlers/*.html
recursive-include project/static

setuptools_scm

everything not in .gitignore will get used!

install vs. develop

$ python setup.py install
...
$ pip freeze | grep project
project==22.2

$ python setup.py develop
...
$ pip freeze | grep project
-e git+ssh://you@your.repo.url/Repositories/Team/project@id_123#egg=project

vs.

eggs

wheels

Wheels advantages

  • official PEP (pep-0427)
  • no .pyc files inside (one wheel for both Pythons, .pyc files will be generated upon installation)
  • richer file naming conversion
  • versioning
  • installation of C components does not require compiler

distribution-1.0-1-py27-none-any.whl

No pycrypto, SQLAlchemy, MySQL-python, tornado

Collecting requirements-dev.txt
Installing collected packages: requirements-dev.txt

requirements.txt

$ pip install requirements-dev.txt

devpi

http://doc.devpi.net/latest/

Your projects, your packages

.pypirc

[distutils]
index-servers =
    my_devpi

[my_devpi]
repository: https://devpi-master.company.net/root/my_devpi/
username: {your username}
password: {your password}
python setup.py sdist upload -r my_devpi
python setup.py sdist register -r my_devpi upload -r my_devpi

Register

Upload

Or twine

twine upload dist/*
python setup.py sdist bdist_wheel

Create

Upload

export TWINE_USERNAME=foo
export TWINE_PASSWORD=bar
twine upload dist/*

Better Upload

Test your package

.pypirc

[distutils]
index-servers =
    test

[test]
repository: https://testpypi.python.org/pypi
# repository: https://test.pypi.org/legacy/
username: {your username}
password: {your password}
pip install -i https://testpypi.python.org/pypi <package_name>
pip install dist/package-1.0.0.tar.gz
pip install dist/package-1.0.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl

PEP 20, last line

Namespaces are one honking great idea -- let's do more of those!

 

Namespaces

sound/                          Top-level package
      __init__.py               Initialize the sound package
      formats/                  Subpackage for file format conversions
              __init__.py
              wavread.py
              wavwrite.py
              aiffread.py
              aiffwrite.py
              auread.py
              auwrite.py
              ...
      effects/                  Subpackage for sound effects
              __init__.py
              echo.py
              surround.py
              reverse.py
              ...
      filters/                  Subpackage for filters
              __init__.py
              equalizer.py
              vocoder.py
              karaoke.py
              ...

Namespaces

import sound.effects.echo
import sound.effects.surround
from sound.effects import *

pip cool features

(that easy_install doesn't have)

  • easy_install can finish up with a partially completed installation
  • better console output
  • reasons for actions are kept
  • native support for git, mercurial, bazaar
  • uninstallation of packages
  • pip freeze
  • pip install -r requirements.txt

What's next?

https://www.pypa.io/en/latest/roadmap/

Pipfile

[[source]]
url = 'https://pypi.python.org/simple'
verify_ssl = true

[requires]
python_version = '2.7'

[packages]
requests = { extras = ['socks'] }
Django = '>1.10'
pinax = { git = 'git://github.com/pinax/pinax.git', ref = '1.4', editable = true }

[dev-packages]
nose = '*'

Using TOML (Tom's Obvious, Minimal Language)

PyPI?

https://pypi.python.org/pypi

https://pypi.org/

Warehouse

https://github.com/pypa/warehouse

Recommended reading

  • Tool Recommendations:

https://packaging.python.org/current/

  • Wheel vs. Egg:

https://packaging.python.org/wheel_egg/

  • Getting Started With setuptools and setup.py:

https://pythonhosted.org/an_example_pypi_project/setuptools.html

  • Sharing Your Labor of Love: PyPI Quick and Dirty:

https://hynek.me/articles/sharing-your-labor-of-love-pypi-quick-and-dirty/

  • PyPA

https://www.pypa.io

THANKS!

QUESTIONS?

https://about.me/jakub.wasielak

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