Introduction to the
Leonardo Losoviz
What is an API?
It is a mechanism through which the client can interact with the server
Client
Server
Request
Response
APIs in WordPress
1. REST, via the
WP REST API
2. GraphQL, via WPGraphQL
Included in WP core
Plugin: wpgraphql.com
WP REST API
- Fixed multiple endpoints
- Retrieved data corresponds to resource(s)
- Operates via GET, POST, PUT, DELETE
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"rendered": "\n<h2>Headings<\\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h1>Header one<\\/h1>\n\n\n\n<h2>Header two<\\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3>Header three<\\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4>Header four<\\/h4>\n\n\n\n<h5>Header five<\\/h5>\n\n\n\n<h6>Header six<\\/h6>\n\n\n\n<h2>Blockquotes<\\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Single line blockquote:<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>Stay hungry. Stay foolish.<\\/p><\\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Multi line blockquote with a cite reference:<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote\"><p>People think focus means saying yes to the thing you’ve got to focus on. But that’s not what it means at all. It means saying no to the hundred other good ideas that there are. You have to pick carefully. I’m actually as proud of the things we haven’t done as the things I have done. 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Link)<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This is an example of a <a href=\"http:\\/\\/apple.com\">link<\\/a>.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Abbreviation Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The abbreviation <abbr title=\"Seriously\">srsly<\\/abbr> stands for “seriously”.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Acronym Tag (<em>deprecated in HTML5<\\/em>)<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The acronym ftw stands for “for the win”.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Big Tag (<em>deprecated in HTML5<\\/em>)<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These tests are a big deal, but this tag is no longer supported in HTML5.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cite Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>“Code is poetry.” –Automattic<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Code Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>You will learn later on in these tests that <code>word-wrap: break-word;<\\/code> will be your best friend.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Delete Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tag will let you <del>strikeout text<\\/del>, but this tag is no longer supported in HTML5 (use the <code>&lt;strike&gt;<\\/code> instead).<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Emphasize Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The emphasize tag should <em>italicize<\\/em> text.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Insert Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tag should denote <ins>inserted<\\/ins> text.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Keyboard Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This scarcely known tag emulates keyboard text, which is usually styled like the <code>&lt;code&gt;<\\/code> tag.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Preformatted Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tag styles large blocks of code.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-preformatted\">.post-title {\n margin: 0 0 5px;\n font-weight: bold;\n font-size: 38px;\n line-height: 1.2;\n and here's a line of some really, really, really, really long text, just to see how the PRE tag handles it and to find out how it overflows;\n}<\\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Quote Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Developers, developers, developers\\u2026 –Steve Ballmer<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Strike Tag (<em>deprecated in HTML5<\\/em>)<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tag shows <s>strike-through text<\\/s><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Strong Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This tag shows <strong>bold text.<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Subscript Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Getting our science styling on with H<sub>2<\\/sub>O, which should push the “2” down.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Superscript Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Still sticking with science and Isaac Newton’s E = MC<sup>2<\\/sup>, which should lift the 2 up.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Teletype Tag (<em>deprecated in HTML5<\\/em>)<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This rarely used tag emulates teletype text, which is usually styled like the <code>&lt;code&gt;<\\/code> tag.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Variable Tag<\\/strong><\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This allows you to denote variables.<\\/p>\n",
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"rendered": "\n<p>Welcome to image alignment! The best way to demonstrate the ebb and flow of the various image positioning options is to nestle them snuggly among an ocean of words. Grab a paddle and let’s get started.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On the topic of alignment, it should be noted that users can choose from the options of <em>None<\\/em>, <em>Left<\\/em>, <em>Right, <\\/em>and <em>Center<\\/em>. 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The text should not be creeping on the image. Creeping is just not right. Images need breathing room too. Let them speak like you words. Let them do their jobs without any hassle from the text. In about one more sentence here, we’ll see that the text moves from the right of the image down below the image in seamless transition. Again, letting the do it’s thang. Mission accomplished!<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And now for a <em><strong>massively large image<\\/strong><\\/em>. It also has <em><strong>no alignment<\\/strong><\\/em>.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img src=\"http:\\/\\/wpthemetestdata.files.wordpress.com\\/2013\\/03\\/image-alignment-1200x4002.jpg\" alt=\"Image Alignment 1200x400\" class=\"wp-image-907\"\\/><\\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>The image above, though 1200px wide, should not overflow the content area. It should remain contained with no visible disruption to the flow of content.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright\"><img src=\"http:\\/\\/wpthemetestdata.files.wordpress.com\\/2013\\/03\\/image-alignment-300x200.jpg\" alt=\"Image Alignment 300x200\" class=\"wp-image-905\"\\/><\\/figure><\\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>And now we’re going to shift things to the <em><strong>right align<\\/strong><\\/em>. Again, there should be plenty of room above, below, and to the left of the image. Just look at him there\\u2026 Hey guy! Way to rock that right side. I don’t care what the left aligned image says, you look great. Don’t let anyone else tell you differently.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In just a bit here, you should see the text start to wrap below the right aligned image and settle in nicely. There should still be plenty of room and everything should be sitting pretty. Yeah\\u2026 Just like that. It never felt so good to be right.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>And just when you thought we were done, we’re going to do them all over again with captions!<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image size-full wp-image-906\"><figure class=\"aligncenter\"><img src=\"http:\\/\\/wpthemetestdata.files.wordpress.com\\/2013\\/03\\/image-alignment-580x300.jpg\" alt=\"Image Alignment 580x300\" class=\"wp-image-906\"\\/><figcaption>Look at 580×300 getting some <a title=\"Image Settings\" href=\"http:\\/\\/en.support.wordpress.com\\/images\\/image-settings\\/\">caption<\\/a> love.<\\/figcaption><\\/figure><\\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>The image above happens to be <em><strong>centered<\\/strong><\\/em>. 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"title": {
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},
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"title": {
"rendered": "Markup: Title With Markup"
},
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"title": {
"rendered": "Template: Featured Image (Vertical)"
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"rendered": "\n<p>This post should display a <a href=\"http:\\/\\/en.support.wordpress.com\\/featured-images\\/#setting-a-featured-image\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">featured image<\\/a>, if the theme <a href=\"http:\\/\\/codex.wordpress.org\\/Post_Thumbnails\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">supports it<\\/a>.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Non-square images can provide some unique styling issues.<\\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>This post tests a vertical featured image.<\\/p>\n",
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]WPGraphQL
- Single endpoint
- Retrieved data matches query
- Operates via POST
{
posts {
id
title
url
}
}{
"data": {
"posts": [
{
"id": 1499,
"title": "COPE with WordPress: Post demo containing plenty of blocks",
"url": "https://newapi.getpop.org/posts/cope-with-wordpress-post-demo-containing-plenty-of-blocks/"
},
{
"id": 1459,
"title": "A lovely tango, not with leo",
"url": "https://newapi.getpop.org/posts/a-lovely-tango/"
},
{
"id": 1,
"title": "Hello world!",
"url": "https://newapi.getpop.org/uncategorized/hello-world/"
}
]
}
}How do they compare?
| WP REST API | WPGraphQL | |
|---|---|---|
| Speed | ⚠️ | ✅ |
| Security | ✅ | ⚠️ |
| Caching | ✅ | ❌ |
| Access Control | ⚠️ | ⚠️ |
| Simplicity | ✅ | ⚠️ |
| Usable by | 👨🏻💻 Developers | 👨🏻💻 Developers |
Can we build an API with the features of both REST and GraphQL?
🤔
Yes, we can!
😲
Introduction to the
Let's check out its features
🧞♂️
GraphiQL
Client to execute GraphQL queries. Available for wp-admin (private), and with own URL (public)
Interactive Schema
Client to visualize the schema, and explore how entities relate to each other
Custom Endpoints
Different configurations for different users (eg: client/team) or applications (eg: web/mobile)
Persisted Queries
REST + GraphQL: only predefined data is exposed, under own URL. It is cacheable!
Access Control Lists
Define who can access a field: logged-in users, users with some role or capability, custom rules
Public/Private Schema
When authorization fails: indicate why it failed (public), or deny existence of the field (private)
Cache Control Lists
Cache on server, CDN or browser via standard HTTP caching. The max-age is calculated for you
Field Deprecation Lists
Inform your users that your schema has been upgraded, in the response to the query
API Hierarchy
Create a hierarchy of endpoints, providing information in their URL
Enjoying it so far?
😁
There is much more!
Multiple query execution
Schema namespacing
Nested mutations
Embeddable fields
Composable directives
Interaction with 3rd-party APIs
How do they compare?
| WP REST API | WPGraphQL | GraphQL API | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Speed | ⚠️ | ✅ | ✅ |
| Security | ✅ | ⚠️ | ✅ |
| Caching | ✅ | ❌ | ✅ |
| Access Control | ⚠️ | ⚠️ | ✅ |
| Simplicity | ✅ | ⚠️ | ✅ |
| Usable by | 👨🏻💻 Developers | 👨🏻💻 Developers | 👨👩👧👦 Anyone |
Through the
we can...
Power Gutenberg Blocks
Interact with APIs and Cloud services
Make WordPress the OS of the Web
Try it out
👇
Give it a ⭐️ on GitHub ❤️
🙏
Share it with your friends/colleagues 👩🏻💻
Talk about it 💬
Help spread the news
Thanks!
👋
Leonardo Losoviz
