React.js 精要

Junfeng Liu

2017-06-23

React 核心思想

组件化
- 分而治之
- 代码复用
单向数据流

Components are the main building block of a React application.
A component represents a self-contained piece of UI.
Display some data and be able to handle some kind of user interaction.
Make complex components from simpler components.
Composable, reusable, maintainable, testable.

Everything is a Component

Data flows only in one direction: down the tree.
Never 'update' or 'mutate' the DOM. We simply re-render it.
Props are immutable, handed from parent to child.
State is mutable and changes trigger re-render.

Single Source of Truth

React 组件结构

props

state

render

Virtual DOM

DOM

Component

Element tree (JSX)

JSX

Angular, Ember and Knockout put “JS” in your HTML.
React puts “HTML” in your JS.

Compile-time Errors
Leverage the Full Power of JavaScript
IDE Intellisense support

JSX isn’t some wild idea. It’s a natural progression.

Strictly separating HTML and JS actually led to applications that were harder to maintain and debug.
Frameworks involve by adding extra proprietary markup to make HTML more powerful, essentially putting JavaScript in HTML.
HTML and JavaScript belong together. JavaScript was a more logical and powerful technology for handling these two intermingled concerns.

const element = <h1 className="greeting">Hello, world!</h1>;

const element = React.createElement(
  'h1',
  {className: 'greeting'},
  'Hello, world!'
);

const element = (
  <h1>
    Hello, {formatName(user)}!
  </h1>
);

const element = <img src={user.avatarUrl}></img>;

ReactDOM.render(element, document.getElementById('root'));

JSX produces React “elements”.

You can embed any JavaScript expression by wrapping it in {}.
JSX is an expression too.

const sampleComponent = () => {
  return isTrue && <p>True!</p>;
};


const sampleComponent = () => {
  return isTrue ? <p>True!</p> : <p>False!</p>;
};


// do expression on stage-1
const sampleComponent = () => {
  return (
    <div>
      {
        do => {
          if (flag && flag2 && !flag3) {
            if (flag4) {
              <p>Blah</p>
            } else if (flag5) {
              <p>Meh</p>
            } else {
              <p>Herp</p>
            }
          } else {
            <p>Derp</p>
          }
        }
      }
    </div>
  )
};

Conditionals in JSX

const SearchSuggestions = (props) => {
  // renderSearchSuggestion() behaves as a pseudo SearchSuggestion component
  // keep it self contained and it should be easy to extract later if needed
  const renderSearchSuggestion = listItem => (
    <li key={listItem.id}>{listItem.name} {listItem.id}</li>
  );

  return (
    <ul>
      {props.listItems.map(renderSearchSuggestion)}
    </ul>
  );
};

Lists Components

Element

DOM element
Component element

Component

Functional Component
Class Component

DOM and Component Elements

const element = <div />;

const element = <Welcome name="Sara" />;

Functional and Class Components

function Welcome(props) {
  return <h1>Hello, {props.name}</h1>;
}

class Welcome extends React.Component {
  render() {
    return <h1>Hello, {this.props.name}</h1>;
  }
}

User-Defined Components Must Be Capitalized

React 组件生命周期

Events flow up, data flows down

React 全局数据的管理

Redux
Mobx

代码繁琐
异步数据的处理