Introduction
to
GNU/Linux
by:
Behnam Ahmad Khan Beigi
Sameer Rahmani
from:
Who we are ?
Karaj LUG
- What is LUG ?
- What do you do in LUG ?
- What did you do in FOSS world ?
- Karajlug community
- How can I join karajlug
- I'm not a linux expert , can I still join Karajlug ?
We . . .
- have about 12 years experience in GNU/Linux
- have 8 years experience as senior developer in Yellowen
-
have 3 years experience in Yellowen SRE team
- have over thousands of contributes to FOSS world
- are official GNU project developer
Expert in:
PHP, Python, Ruby, Javascript, C/C++,Perl, Lua
Many successful projects
Why we do this?
Free Software culture encourage us to share
our knowledge with others
What we will learn today ?
- Basic concepts of GNU/Linux
- Installing a GNU/Linux distribution
- Feel home in a GNU/Linux box
- Install a software
-
Use a terminal to navigate linux
OK Let`s jump in
Basics
- What is Linux really ?
- What is distribution ?
- What distribution should I choose ?
- How GNU/Linux differ from Windows ?
- What is this 'root' thing ?
- Ok, is there any thing else I should know?
What is Linux ?
Linux Is just a Kernel
Simply it is a layer between applications
and hardware
You probably don't need to know about
Kernel
So is that enough for an operating system ?
What is a "Distribution"?
Distribution is Software collection packaged
with an operating system
What does a distribution contains ?
Some distributions:
Debian, Ubuntu, Mint, Fedora and etc
What distribution should I choose ?
It`s totally up to you
The difference
Think of GNU/Linux as a "Bugatti"
(Of course open source "Bugatti" :P)
Think of MS Windows as a 57th "Paykan"
Now you get it, don't you ?
The difference
- You can't learn GNU/Linux by just fooling around
- Windows is completely closed
- Windows is commercial
- Windows report your activities to NSA
- Windows is a dead end for developers
- GNU/Linux is the heaven of developers
- Using GNU/Linux you don't have to worry about viruses
The difference (technical)
-
GNU/Linux doesn't have "drives"
-
GNU/Linux doesn't have an "Start Menu"
- GNU/Linux have lots of graphical environments
- GNU/Linux have strong permissions subsystem
- GNU/Linux supports wide range of Filesystems
- GNU/Linux is an Iron Fist
- You can have an alternative for everything
- You can have multiple kernels
- GNU/Linux is lightweight
- And lots of other differences
What is this 'root' thing ?
- Root is refer to the partition which Linux is installed into
- Root partition addressed by '/'
- It`s difference thant `root` user
- Unix like operating systems have a hierarchy
structure (like tree) - "Root" is the root of the big tree
- Other part of system (e.g other partitions) mount
on branches of tree
Linux Filesystem schema
What else ?
Linux is not Windows
Don't use it like windows
Don't learn it like windows
Always read the ****** manual
And don't use Window$ :))
(just kidding do what you want)
Installation
Important notes
Make sure WHAT ARE YOU DOING ?
Free up space before start the installation
Create a swap partition equal or twice the size
of your memory
Backup your important data
Let`s do it
First step in new world
Graphical Environment
What you need to know now ?
- User Permissions
- `/home` directory
- Everything is a file
- Useful commands
- Manage softwares
- Resources
- Where to get help
User Permissions
- What is "permission"?
- How many permissions is there ?
- How does permissions represent ?
- What does each permission means ?
- How to change theme ?
'/home' directory
Each user has a directory in '/home' , e.g:
/home/lxsameer
You have full access to your home directory.
you can use '~' instead of your home directory path.
All of your configuration files stored in your home directory
Everything is a file
Unix like operating systems model
everything as files
Printers, Disks, I/O devices and etc
for example:
/dev/sda # => First disk
/dev/sda1 # First partition in first disk
/dev/mem # Physical memory Useful Commands
- man
- cd
- ls
- lsblk
- cp
- mv
- chmod
- chown
- cat
- su
- sudo
Useful Commands
- mount
- umount
- uname
- history
- mkdir
- tar
- pwd
- grep
- find
- locate
- sed
- sort
Useful Commands
- zip & unzip
- ps
- top
- free
- df
- du
- kill
- killall
- rm
- passwd
- whereis
Useful Commands
- which
- whatis
- tails
- less
- more
- wget
Manage Softwares
-
Using package managers:
apt, yum, pacman and etc -
language specific package mangers
pip, gem, npm, maven - Manage software manually
Package Managers (APT)
-
APT is a package manager for Debian based distros.
- Using APT we can install, remove, update softwares
easily - APT handles dependencies
- In Debian there are about 50,000 package to use
by APT
Package Managers (APT)
Update package list
# apt-get update # apt-get install emacs# apt-get purge vim upgrade packages
# apt-get upgrade
#apt-get dist-upgrade Manage softwares manually
There are lots of build toolkits like:
Make, CMake, Rake, Ant and etc
Each build toolkit has its own way to build a software
!!! If you want to build a software from source !!!
!!! from source read the README file !!!
Resources to learn GNU/Linux
-
Linux Bible ISBN 111821854X
-
A Practical Guide to Ubuntu Linux ISBN 013254248X
- FTA academy books (They are free yeaaah :P)
http://ftacademy.org/ - And lots of other good books
If you're not good in English (like me) checkout:
برپاسازی سرور های لینوکس
نویسنده: آلن باغومیان انتشارات نص
Where to get help ?
- Manuals (The most important one)
- Search the web
- Linux forums
- IRC channels
- Mailing lists
- Linux Users Groups (LUGs)
Do you have any question ?
Web:
IRC :
irc.freenode.net #5hit channel
ML :
twitter :
@yottanami @lxsameer
Email:
yottanami@gnu.org
lxsameer@gnu.org
The End
Thanks god it's finished