$ python hello.py
Hello World!

$ python
Python 2.6.6 (r266:84292, Nov 21 2013, 10:50:32)
[GCC 4.4.7 20120313 (Red Hat 4.4.7-4)] on linux2
Type "help", "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.
>>> print('Hello World!')
Hello World!
>>>

$ ipython
Python 3.4.3 (default, Feb 25 2015, 21:28:45)
Type "copyright", "credits" or "license" for more information.

IPython 3.0.0 -- An enhanced Interactive Python.
?         -> Introduction and overview of IPython's features.
%quickref -> Quick reference.
help      -> Python's own help system.
object?   -> Details about 'object', use 'object??' for extra details.

In [1]:

$ idle

def print_even_numbers (list_of_numbers):
    for x in list_of_numbers:
        if x % 2 == 0:
            print x
        else:
            print False

print_even_numbers(natural_numbers)

natural_numbers = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

def even_number (x):
    return (x % 2) == 0

print(map(even_number, natural_numbers))

natural_numbers = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]

# Python 2
print 'Hello World!'

# Python 3
print('Hello World!')

x = 40 + 42.67
y = int(67.879)
z = float(12)

print(x + y) # sum of x and y

print(x - y) # difference of x and y

print(x * y) # product of x and y

print(x / y) # quotient of x and y

print(x // y) # floored quotient of x and y

print(x % y) # remainder of x / y

print(abs(x)) # absolute value or magnitude of x

print(int(x)) # x converted to integer

name = 'python'

list(name)  # ['p', 'y', 't', 'h', 'o', 'n']
name + name  # 'pythonpython'
name * 3  # 'pythonpythonpython'
len(name)  # 6

# Get character at position n, 0-based
name[1]

# Iterate over a string
for character in name:
    print(character)

name = 'python rocks!'
'p' in name # True
'z' in name # False
'rock' in name # True

print('My name is %s and my weight is %f kg.' % (name, 78.8))

str = """ The big brown fox
quickly jump ed over the wall
and ran away.
"""

print(r"Use \n fox new line")

company = "Kontali"
print(f"Welcome to {company}!")

import re
m = re.search('(?<=-)\w+', 'spam-egg')
m.group(0)  # 'egg'

filename = 'foo'
extension = 'log'
'.'.join([filename, extension])  # 'foo.log'

emptyList = []

['Hello'] * 4  # ['Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello', 'Hello']

languages = ['C', 'C++', 'Java', 'JavaScript', 'Elixir']

languages.append(['F#', 'C#']) # adds a list to the list

languages.extend(['Kotlin', 'TypeScript', 'Python']) # extends the list with the contents of a list

'Python' in languages # returns True
'python' in languages # returns False

beatles = ['McCartney', 'Lennon', 'Starr', 'Harrison']
sorted(beatles)
sorted(beatles, reverse=True)

mixed_list = [12, 'Oslo', 67.65, complex(34, 56)]

squares = []
for x in range(10):
    squares.append(x**2)

squares = [x**2 for x in range(10)]

# returns square of 0-9 if number is even
squares = [x**2 for x in range(10) if x %2==0 ]

# combines the elements of two lists if they are not equal
notEqualCombinations = [(x, y) for x in [1,2,3] for y in [3,1,4] if x != y]

myList = ['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example']
myTuple = ('a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'z', 'example')

myList[3] = 'c'  # ['a', 'b', 'mpilgrim', 'c', 'example']
myTuple[3] = 'c'
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
TypeError: 'tuple' object does not support item assignment

from collections import namedtuple

Station = namedtuple("Station", "id, city, state, lat, long")
tokyo = Station(999, "Dallas", "TX", "32.79°N", "96.77°W")
tokyo
# Station(id=999, city='Dallas', state='TX', lat='32.79°N', long='96.77°W')
tokyo.city
# 'Dallas'

import json
json.dumps(tokyo._asdict())
#'{"id": 999, "city": "Dallas", "state": "TX", "lat": "32.79\\u00b0N", "long": "96.77\\u00b0W"}'

europe = {'sweden':'stockholm', 'norway':'oslo', 'finland':'helsinki', 'denmark':'copenhagen'}
europe['france'] = 'paris'
europe.get('norway')

'sweden' in europe # returns True
'china' in europe # returns False

movies = {'The Game of Shadows': [129, 'Mystery', 'Guy Ritchie', 2011],
          'The Dark Knight': [126, 'Action', 'Christofer Nollan', 2008],
          'Sherlock Holmes': [128, 'Mystery', 'Guy Ritchie', 2009],
          'Interstellar': [169, 'SciFi', 'Christofer Nolan', 2014]}

sorted(movies) # returns movies sorted by title

def get_sort_key(value):
    return value[3]

sorted(movies.values(), key=get_sort_key) # returns movies sorted by year

movies = {'The Game of Shadows': [129, 'Mystery', 'Guy Ritchie', 2011],
          'The Dark Knight': [126, 'Action', 'Christofer Nollan', 2008],
          'Sherlock Holmes': [128, 'Mystery', 'Guy Ritchie', 2009],
          'Interstellar': [169, 'SciFi', 'Christofer Nolan', 2014]}

newMovies = { key: value for key, value in movies.items() if value[3] > 2010 }

index = 0
while index < len(names):
    print (names[index])
    index+=1

for name in names:
    print name

names = ['Larry', 'Moe', 'Curly']

count = 0
for name in names:
    print(count, name)
    count += 1

for count, name in enumerate(names):
    print(count, name)

names = ['Larry', 'Moe', 'Curly']

for count, name in enumerate(names, start=1):
    print(count, name)

my_long_text = "We are no longer the knights who say Ni! We are now the knights who say ekki-ekki-ekki-p'tang-zoom-boing-z'nourrwringmm!"

my_long_text = ("We are no longer the knights who say Ni! "
                "We are now the knights who say ekki-ekki-"
                "ekki-p'tang-zoom-boing-z'nourrwringmm!")

if 'x' in d and isinstance(d['x'], str) and d['x'].isdigit():
    value = int(d['x'])
else:
    value = None

try:
    value = int(d['x'])
except (KeyError, TypeError, ValueError):
    value = None

d = {'x': '5'}

if __name__ == '__main__':

def main():
 print('Doing stuff in module', __name__)


if __name__ == '__main__':
 print('Executed from the command line')
 main()

# utility.py

pi = 3.14285

def get_circle_area(radius):
     return pi * radius**2

# circle.py

import utility

print(utility.pi)
print(utility.get_circle_area(10))

# circle.py

from utility import get_circle_area

print(get_circle_area(10))

int a = 1;

int a = 2;

int b = a;

a = 1

a = 2

b = a

class Salmon:

    animal_type = "fish"		# Class variable
    location = "ocean"			# Class variable

    # Constructor method with instance variables name and age
    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age


def main():
	
    sammy = Salmon("Sammy", 4)
    print(f'{sammy.name} is a salmon that lives in the {sammy.location}')

    stevie = Salmon("Stevie", 3)
    print(f'Another salmon is {stevie.name} who is {stevie.age} years old')


if __name__ == "__main__":
    main()

def get_full_name(fname, lname='Andersson'):
    return fname + ' ' + lname

get_full_name('Nisse')
get_full_name('Nisse', 'Pettersson')

def add(a, b, c, d):
    return a + b + c + d

add(4, 7, 8, 2)   # Values are assigned by positions
add(b=42, c=45, d=87, a=34)    # Values are assigned by argument names or keyword names
add(32, 67, d=66, c=12)    # Mix of the above

def foo(*args):
      print(args)	# args is a tuple that collects all the incoming arguments

foo(34, 56, 78)

def foo(**kwargs):
     print(kwargs)	# kwargs is a dictionary. This works only for keyword-value based calls

foo(fname='John', lname='Doe')

def foo(a, b, *args, **kwargs):
    print(a)
    print(b)
    print(args)
    print(kwargs)

def change_value(value):
    value = 42

some_value = 50
print(some_value) # 50
change_value(some_value)
print(some_value) # 50

def change_list(some_list):
    some_list.append(42)

another_value = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(another_value) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
change_list(another_value)
print(another_value) # [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 42]

def get_even(number):
    while True:
        if number % 2 == 0:
            yield number
        number += 1

>>> generator = get_even(33)
>>> generator.next()
34
>>> generator.next()
36

def heading(func):
   def wrapper(name):
       return "<h1>{0}</h1>".format(func(name))
   return wrapper


@heading
def greet(name):
   return "Hello {0}, i hope you are well!".format(name)

print greet("John Doe") # <h1>Hello John Doe, i hope you are well!</h1>

items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

def sqr(x):
    return x ** 2

list(map(sqr, items)) # [1, 4, 9, 16, 25]

items = [0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

def add(a,x):
    return a + x

sum = reduce(add, items) # 10

items = [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]

def negative(x):
    if x < 0:
        return x

list(filter(negative, items)) # [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1]

def twice(function, x):
    return function(function(x))


def f(x):
    return x + 3


twice(f, 7)  # 13

def square(x):
    return x**2

square(8)  # 64

(lambda x: x**2)(8)  # 64

def fizzbuzz(number):
    if number % 3 == 0 and number % 5 == 0:
        return 'FizzBuzz'
    elif number % 3 == 0:
        return 'Fizz'
    elif number % 5 == 0:
        return 'Buzz'
    else:
        return number

for number in range(1, 101):
    print fizzbuzz(number)

import sys

class Value(object):
    def __init__(self,value):
        self.setValue(value)

    def setValue(self,value):
        self.value = value

    def getValue(self):
        return self.value

    def toString(self):
        return self.getValue().__str__()

class FizzBuzz(object):
    def __init__(self, n):
        if n % 15 == 0:
            value = 'FizzBuzz';
        elif n % 3 == 0:
            value = 'Fizz';
        elif n % 5 == 0:
            value = 'Buzz';
        else:
            value = str(n);
        self.setValue(value);

    def setValue(self,value):
        self.value = Value(value);

    def getValue(self):
        return self.value;

class FizzBuzzRunner(object):
    def __init__(self, n):
        self.setN(n)

    def setN(self, n):
        self.n = n

    def run(self):
        for i in range(1,self.n):
            sys.stdout.write(FizzBuzz(i).getValue().toString()+'\n');

if __name__ == '__main__':
    n = 101;
    FizzBuzzRunner(n).run()

def main():
    i = 0;
    value = '';

    while i < 100:
        i += 1
        if i % 15 == 0:
            value = 'FizzBuzz';
        elif i % 3 == 0:
            value = 'Fizz';
        elif i % 5 == 0:
            value = 'Buzz';
        else:
            value = str(i);
        print value;

    return 0;

main();

def fizzbuzz(n):
    return 'FizzBuzz' if n % 3 == 0 and n % 5 == 0 else None

def fizz(n):
    return 'Fizz' if n % 3 == 0 else None

def buzz(n):
    return 'Buzz' if n % 5 == 0 else None

def fizz_andor_maybenot_buzz(n):
    print fizzbuzz(n) or fizz(n) or buzz(n) or str(n)

map(fizz_andor_maybenot_buzz, xrange(1, 101))

fizzbuzz = lambda n: 'FizzBuzz' if n % 3 == 0 and n % 5 == 0 else None
fizz = lambda n: 'Fizz' if n % 3 == 0 else None
buzz = lambda n: 'Buzz' if n % 5 == 0 else None
fizz_andor_maybenot_buzz = lambda n: fizzbuzz(n) or fizz(n) or buzz(n) or str(n)

print reduce(lambda m,n: m+'\n'+n, map(fizz_andor_maybenot_buzz, range(1, 101)))

# utility.py

class Utility:

    def add(self, a, b):
        return a+b

    def sub(self, a, b):
        return a-b

    def multiply(self, a, b):
        return a*b

# test_utility.py

import unittest
from utility import Utility


class TestUtility(unittest.TestCase):

    util = None

    def setUp(self):
        self.util = Utility()

    def tearDown(self):
        self.util = None

    def test_add_with_positive_values(self):
        a = 10
        b = 20
        expected_value = 30
        actual_value = self.util.add(a, b)
        self.assertEquals(expected_value, actual_value)

    def test_add_with_positive_and_negative_values(self):
        a = -10
        b = 20
        expected_value = 10
        actual_value = self.util.add(a, b)
        self.assertEquals(expected_value, actual_value)

if __name__ == "__main__":
    unittest.main()

# Correct
foo.close()

# Incorrect, but no error :(
foo.close

def create_multipliers():
    return [lambda x : i * x for i in range(5)]


for multiplier in create_multipliers():
    print(multiplier(2))

# expected
0
2
4
6
8

# actual
8
8
8
8
8

import requests

response = requests.get('https://www.ssb.no/eksport/tabell.csv?key=435931')

import pandas as pd
df = pd.read_json('http://www.openfisheries.org/api/landings.json')
df.head()

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

np.random.seed(19680801)
data = np.random.randn(2, 100)

fig, axs = plt.subplots(2, 2, figsize=(5, 5))
axs[0, 0].hist(data[0])
axs[1, 0].scatter(data[0], data[1])
axs[0, 1].plot(data[0], data[1])
axs[1, 1].hist2d(data[0], data[1])

plt.show()

from IPython.core.display import display, HTML
display(HTML("<style>.container { width:100% !important; }</style>"))

import requests

city = 'name of your city'
resp = requests.get(f'https://wttr.in/{city}')
print(resp.text)

import pandas as pd
from pandas_profiling import ProfileReport

data = pd.read_csv('data/fish.csv')

profile = ProfileReport(data, title="Sample Report")

profile

import this

import antigravity