Intro to Docker

The contents of the the slides have been liberally borrowed from Docker Slideshare materials.

The Challenge

The Matrix from Hell

Docker is a Container System for Code

Docker Eliminates the Matrix from Hell

What is Docker

At very basic level, think lightweight VM
Docker is an open platform for developing, shipping, and running applications.
Run any application securely isolated in a container.
Open Source engine to commoditize LXC
Written in Go, runs as a daemon, comes with a CLI
Full REST API
Allows to build images in standard, reproducible way
Allows to share images

VMs vs Containers

Why are Docker Containers Lightweight?

Docker Performance

Booting 15 Openstack VMs

Docker Architecture

The Docker daemon

The Docker daemon runs on a host machine. The user does not directly interact with the daemon, but instead through the Docker client (or API).

The Docker client
The Docker client, in the form of the docker binary, is the primary user interface to Docker. It accepts commands from the user and communicates back and forth with a Docker daemon.

Inside Docker

Docker images

Docker registries

Docker containers

Docker Images

Docker images are the build component of Docker.
A Docker image is a read-only template.
Images are used to create Docker containers.
Docker provides a simple way to build new images or update existing images, or you can download Docker images that other people have already created.
Each image consists of a series of layers. Docker makes use of union file systems to combine these layers into a single image.
When you change a Docker image—for example, update an application to a new version— a new layer gets built.

Docker Registries

Docker registries are the distribution component of Docker.
Docker registries hold images.
These are public or private stores from which you upload or download images.
The public Docker registry is called Docker Hub. It provides a huge collection of existing images for your use.

Docker Containers

Docker containers are the run component of Docker.
A Docker container holds everything that is needed for an application to run.
Each container is created from a Docker image.
The Docker image is read-only. When Docker runs a container from an image, it adds a read-write layer on top of the image in which your application can then run.
Docker containers can be run, started, stopped, moved, and deleted.

Images, Registry, Containers

Docker Commandline

Containers

docker run creates a container.
docker stop stops it.
docker start will start it again.
docker rm deletes a container.

Images

docker images shows all images.
docker import creates an image from a tarball.
docker build creates image from Dockerfile.
docker commit creates image from a container.
docker rmi removes an image.

Info

docker ps shows running containers.
docker inspect container info
docker logs gets logs from container.
docker events gets events from container.
docker port shows public facing port of container.
docker top shows running processes in container.

Building Docker Images

docker build -t rdocker.mcp.com:5000/api .
docker push rdocker.mcp.com:5000/api

FROM rdocker.mcp.com:5000/oraclejre

WORKDIR /opt
ADD jars/api.jar /opt/api.jar

EXPOSE 8080
CMD ["java", "-jar", "api.jar"]

Dockerfile

Running a Container

$ docker run -d --name api -p 8080:8080 rdocker.mcp.com:5000/api

Pulls the api image: Docker checks for the presence of the api image and, if it doesn't exist locally on the host, then Docker downloads it from private docker registry. If the image already exists, then Docker uses it for the new container.
Creates a new container: Once Docker has the image, it uses it to create a container.
Allocates a filesystem and mounts a read-write layer: The container is created in the file system and a read-write layer is added to the image.
Allocates a network / bridge interface: Creates a network interface that allows the Docker container to talk to the local host.
Sets up an IP address: Finds and attaches an available IP address from a pool.
Executes a process that you specify: Runs api application
Captures and provides application output: Connects and logs standard input, outputs and errors for you to see how your application is running.

Managing a Container

$ docker logs api

2014-08-12 23:32:14,193 INFO  [pool-1-thread-1]  com.datastax.driver.core.policies.DCAwareRoundRobinPolicy ---  Using data-center name 'datacenter1' for DCAwareRoundRobinPolicy (if this is incorrect, please provide the correct datacenter name with DCAwareRoundRobinPolicy constructor)
2014-08-12 23:32:14,198 INFO  [main]  org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.tomcat.TomcatEmbeddedServletContainer ---  Tomcat started on port(s): 8080/http
2014-08-12 23:32:14,199 INFO  [main]  com.hds.bel.storage.rest.app.RestApplication ---  Started RestApplication in 9.962 seconds (JVM running for 10.619)
2014-08-12 23:32:14,203 INFO  [main]  com.hds.bel.storage.rest.app.RestApplication ---  Running test application org.springframework.boot.context.embedded.AnnotationConfigEmbeddedWebApplicationContext@5ce1f2b6

$ docker ps

CONTAINER ID        IMAGE                                            COMMAND               CREATED             STATUS              PORTS                                                                                                                    NAMES
1c95b8914a58        rdocker.mcp.com:5000/api:latest     java -jar api.jar     24 hours ago        Up 24 hours                                                                                                                                  api

Image and Container Updates

Conclusion

With Docker, I can:

Put my software in containers
Run those containers anywhere
Write recipes to automatically build containers
Use same containers for dev, testing, and production.

Learn more at www.docker.io