Kit Parts

Arduino Uno | ATmega 328

schematic pdf

USB Cable

Breadboard (half-size)

Mounting Plate (Assembly Instructions Link)

Jumper Wires

LEDs

Resistors

These little guys come in different values. The color bands on them indicate different values. Pay extra careful attention to the color codes and values. The unit of measure used is the Ohm.

Kit contains:
560 Ohm x25
2.2k Ohm x3
10k Ohm x3

Photocell/Photoresistor

Force-Sensitive Resistor

Temperature Sensor

Analog

Piezo Buzzer

Micro Servo Motor

9V Clip

Additional Components

A - 10mm Blue LED (x1)

B - Toy DC Motor (x1)

C - 8-Bit Shift Register (74HC595) (x1)

D - Pushbuttons (x2)

E - Potentiometer (10k) (x1)

F - Relay (5v DPDT) (x1)

G - Transistors (P2N2222A) (x2)

H - Diodes (1N4001) (x2)

A

E

B

C

D

F

G

H

EXPERIMENTOR'S GUIDE PDF

Breadboard Layout Sheets

Sensors Included:

- Small passive buzzer KY-006

- 2-color LED KY-011

- Hit sensor KY-031

- Vibration switch  KY-002

 - Photo resistor  KY-018

- Key switch  KY-004

- Tilt switch  KY-020

- 3-color full-color LED SMD s KY-009

- Infrared emission sensor  KY-005

- 3-color LED  KY-016

- Mercury open optical switch  KY-017

- 2-color LED  3MM KY-029

- Active buzzer  KY-012

- Temperature sensor  KY-013

- Automatic flashing colorful LED  KY-034

- Mini magnetic reed s KY-021

- Hall magnetic sensor  KY-003

- Infrared sensor receiver  KY-022

- Class Bihor magnetic sensor KY-035

- Magic light cup  KY-027

- Rotary encoder  KY-040

- Optical broken  KY-010

- Detect the heartbeat  KY-039

- Reed  KY-025

- Obstacle avoidance sensor  KY-032

- Hunt sensor  KY-033

- Microphone sound sensor  KY-038

- Laser sensor  KY-008

- 5V relay  KY-019

- Temperature sensor  KY-001

- Digital Temperature sensor  KY-028

- Linear magnetic Hall sensors KY-024

- Flame sensor  KY-026

- Sensitive microphone sensor  KY-037

- Temperature and humidity sensor  KY-015

- XY-axis joystick  KY-023

- Metal touch sensor  KY-036

Sensor Kit Wiki Link

Electricity

is the flow of electric charge.

Charge comes in two types:
(+) Positive

(-)  Negative

In order for electricity to work, it needs to move (flow).

It needs a path to flow - usually through a conductor.

GIF from Electricity Tutorial from Sparkfun

Electricity

Electricity has these three basic principles:

Voltage (volt)

the difference in charge between two points

Current (amp)

the rate at which the charge is flowing

Resistance (ohm)

the material's resistance to the flow of the charge/current.

More info: voltage, current, resistance tutorial

Image from this site

Voltage

Volts are the unit of measurement.

Electricity wants to flow from a higher voltage to a lower voltage.

Electricity Tutorial from Sparkfun

Image Link

Current

Amps are the unit of measurement.

Electricity wants to flow from a higher voltage to a lower voltage.

Image Link

Circuit

Amperage or Amps are the unit of measurement.

Electricity wants to flow from a higher voltage to a lower voltage.

Technological mandala 2 (The beginning), 2012

Leonardo Ulian

Short Circuit

is a faulty or accidental connection between two points in an electric circuit, which bypasses the load and establishing a path of lesser resistance through which an excessive current can flow.

It can cause damage to the components if the circuit is not protected by a fuse

Parallel Circuit

In a parallel circuit, each component is electrically connected to the source at the same point and each component gets the full voltage simultaneously.

If one goes out, the rest stay lit.

Series Circuit

In a series circuit, current must pass through one component to get to the next component.

Voltage is divided between them which means they get dimmer the further into the circuit.

Also if one component goes out, they all go out.

Think old Christmas lights.

Series Circuit vs. Parallel Circuit

Image Link

Multimeter

An electronic measuring instrument. It can measure voltage, current, and resistance.

It can be used for basic fault finding in circuits and for troubleshooting electrical problems in electronic devices.

This image is from Sparkfun's how to use a breadboard tutorial

link to this breadboard tutorial

image link

image link

Here you can see a regular LED circuit across the breadboard. The red equals the positive and black equals the negative that goes to either a battery or power supply. The Arduino LED circuit has one slight difference: an additional cable to connect it to the Arduino.

Arduino Uno | ATmega328

ARDUINO SPECS (Link)

• Microcontroller    ATmega328

• Operating              Voltage5V

• Input Voltage        7-12V (recommended)

• Input Voltage        6-20V (limits)

• Digital I/O              Pins14 (of which 6 provide PWM output)

• Analog Input         Pins6

• DC Current per I/O      Pin40 mA

• DC Current for 3.3V     Pin50 mA

• Flash Memory       32 KB (ATmega328) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader

• SRAM                      2 KB (ATmega328)

• EEPROM                 1 KB (ATmega328)

• Clock Speed           16 MHz

USB

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.

External Power

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.

Power pins

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.

Input/Output Pins

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.

Analog/Digital

Each of the 14 digital pins on the Uno can be used as an input or output, using pinMode(), digitalWrite(), and digitalRead() functions.

Arduino Sketch

Components

• Red wire (+)
• Black wire (-)
• White wire (input to Arduino Pin)
• LED (Red or Green)
• Resistor

LED

LEDs have a positive and negative end.

LEDs require a resistor or they will burn themselves out.

Different LEDs use different Voltages.

How to tell

(+) from (-)

1. Check the length of the leads – the long one is positive, the short one is negative
2. Feel around the rim of the bulb – there will be a flat edge above the negative lead.
3. Look inside the bulb at the actual semiconductors. The large, wide piece is connected to the negative lead and the short, skinny piece is connected to the positive lead.