Create parametric 3D fusion reactor CAD models

Paramak

J. Shimwell, J. Billingsley, R Delaporte-Mathurin, D. Morbey, M. Bluteau, P. Shriwise, A. Davis

This work was funded by the RCUK Energy Programme
[Grant number EP/P012450/1]

Motivation - automation

Diagram / sketch / idea

Manual CAD model creation via GUI

CAD model geometry created

Manual CAD model cleaning via GUI

Analysis

Motivation - speed at scale

Model complexity

CSG models

Lines of code

CAD Shapes

CAD Components

Decompose existing models

Example CAD model based on EU-DEMO

Method

12 Shapes

Components

Reactors

Base parametric Shapes()

Shapes require the user to provide points / coordinates to make a 3D geometry.

A rotate, extrude or sweep operation is applied to the points

Boolean operations such as cut, union, intersection are supported

Repeating patterns around an axis are supported

Components from Shapes

import paramak

height = 700
blanket_rear = 400
blanket_front = 300
blanket_mid_point = 350

blanket = paramak.RotateMixedShape(
  rotation_angle=180,
  points=[
    (blanket_rear, height / 2.0, "straight"),
    (blanket_rear, -height / 2.0, "straight"),
    (blanket_front, -height / 2.0, "spline"),
    (blanket_mid_point, 0, "spline"),
    (blanket_front, height / 2.0, "straight"),
  ]
)

blanket.export_stp('"blanket.stp")

import paramak


blanket = paramak.RotateMixedShape(
  rotation_angle=180,
  points=[
    (538, 305, "straight"),
    (538, -305, "straight"),
    (322, -305, "spline"),
    (470, 0, "spline"),
    (322, 305, "straight"),
  ]
)

blanket.export_stp("blanket.stp")

CAD from points

CAD from parameters

Simple Parametric Compents

All instances of Shape classes with encoded design rules for generating the points needed

More complex Components

All instances of Shape classes with encoded design rules for generating the points needed

Parametric Components()

Parameters CAD geometry DAGMC h5m OpenMC simulation

Example parametric Reactors

import paramak

my_reactor = paramak.BallReactor(
  inner_bore_radial_thickness=10,
  inboard_tf_leg_radial_thickness=30,
  center_column_shield_radial_thickness=60,
  divertor_radial_thickness=150,
  inner_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
  plasma_radial_thickness=300,
  outer_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=30,
  firstwall_radial_thickness=30,
  blanket_radial_thickness=50,
  blanket_rear_wall_radial_thickness=30,
  elongation=2,
  triangularity=0.55,
  number_of_tf_coils=16,
  rotation_angle=180,
  pf_coil_radial_thicknesses=[50, 50, 50, 50],
  pf_coil_vertical_thicknesses=[50, 50, 50, 50],
  pf_coil_to_rear_blanket_radial_gap=50,
  pf_coil_to_tf_coil_radial_gap=50,
  outboard_tf_coil_radial_thickness=100,
  outboard_tf_coil_poloidal_thickness=50
)

import paramak

my_reactor = paramak.SubmersionTokamak(
  inner_bore_radial_thickness=30,
  inboard_tf_leg_radial_thickness=30,
  center_column_shield_radial_thickness=30,
  divertor_radial_thickness=80,
  inner_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=50,
  plasma_radial_thickness=200,
  outer_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=50,
  firstwall_radial_thickness=30,
  blanket_rear_wall_radial_thickness=30,
  number_of_tf_coils=16,
  rotation_angle=180,
  support_radial_thickness=90,
  inboard_blanket_radial_thickness=30,
  outboard_blanket_radial_thickness=30,
  elongation=2.00,
  triangularity=0.50,
  pf_coil_radial_thicknesses=[30, 30, 30, 30],
  pf_coil_vertical_thicknesses=[30, 30, 30, 30],
  pf_coil_to_tf_coil_radial_gap=50,
  outboard_tf_coil_radial_thickness=30,
  outboard_tf_coil_poloidal_thickness=30,
  tf_coil_to_rear_blanket_radial_gap=20,
)

Decompose existing models

Image source Overview of the SPARC tokamak. Journal of Plasma Physics, 86(5), 865860502. doi:10.1017/S0022377820001257

Progress

Rough estimate of how we have built up the number of parametric shapes, parametric components and parametric reactors over time.

Neutronics Support

Geometry output formats:

Automatic conversion of geometry into DAGMC based neutronics geometry

(h5m file)

import paramak

# # makes the 3d geometry from input parameters
my_reactor = paramak.BallReactor(
  inner_bore_radial_thickness=50,
  inboard_tf_leg_radial_thickness=200,
  center_column_shield_radial_thickness=50,
  divertor_radial_thickness=50,
  inner_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=50,
  plasma_radial_thickness=100,
  outer_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=50,
  firstwall_radial_thickness=1,
  blanket_radial_thickness=100,
  blanket_rear_wall_radial_thickness=10,
  elongation=2,
  triangularity=0.55,
  number_of_tf_coils=16,
  rotation_angle=360,
)

my_reactor.export_stp()

my_reactor.export_stl()

my_reactor.export_h5m(method='pymoab')

my_reactor.export_h5m(method='trelis')

my_reactor.export_vtk()

Neutronics Support

Addition of:

materials,
tallies,
source

to combine with the neutronics geometry to make a neutronics model

import paramak

# # makes the 3d geometry from input parameters
my_reactor = paramak.BallReactor(
  inner_bore_radial_thickness=50,
  inboard_tf_leg_radial_thickness=200,
  center_column_shield_radial_thickness=50,
  divertor_radial_thickness=50,
  inner_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=50,
  plasma_radial_thickness=100,
  outer_plasma_gap_radial_thickness=50,
  firstwall_radial_thickness=1,
  blanket_radial_thickness=100,
  blanket_rear_wall_radial_thickness=10,
  elongation=2,
  triangularity=0.55,
  number_of_tf_coils=16,
  rotation_angle=360,
)

# makes the neutronics model from the geometry and materials
neutronics_model = paramak.NeutronicsModel(
  geometry=my_reactor,
  materials={
    'inboard_tf_coils_mat': 'eurofer',
    'center_column_shield_mat': 'eurofer',
    'divertor_mat': 'eurofer',
    'firstwall_mat': 'eurofer',
    'blanket_rear_wall_mat': 'eurofer',
    'blanket_mat': 'Li4SiO4'},
  cell_tallies=['TBR', 'heating'],
  simulation_batches=5,
  simulation_particles_per_batch=1e4,
)

neutronics_model.simulate()