1. What is "borrowing"?
Give an example of borrowed word in English
a) from Spanish
b) from Japanese
c) from French
2. What is "borrowed" more often - grammatical features or basic vocabulary. Explain
2. What is dialectal differentiation?
man : Mann
good - better : gut - besser
sing - sang - sung : singen - sang -gesungen
How can you explain these similarities (borrowing, etc?)
What is the difference between language variation and language change?
Give an example
1. Because of arbitrariness of of the sound+meaning, the specific sound / meaning are NOT open to variation
2. Sound/meaning can have social marking
3. Not in every language sound/meaning connection is arbitrary
1. Define the terms:
a) idiolect
b) dialect
c) sociolect
d) style
How can innovation spread across speakers?
F, T, F
variation - across space
change - across time