An Introduction to NoSQL & MongoDB

{ By: "Nirmal V",

Date: "14/11/2014",

Location: "Ndimensionz, kochi" }

NoSQL

db.mycol.update({'title':'MongoDB Overview'},{$set:{'title':'New MongoDB Tutorial'}},{multi:true})

db.mycol.save(
   {
      "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point New Topic", "by":"Tutorials Point"
   }
)

db.mycol.remove({'title':'MongoDB Overview'})

Update and Delete Documents

Key Concepts

Database
Collection
Document

Text

{
   _id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c)
   title: 'MongoDB Overview', 
   description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',
   by: 'tutorials point',
   url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
   tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
   likes: 100, 
   comments: [	
      {
         user:'user1',
         message: 'My first comment',
         dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,20,2,15),
         like: 0 
      },
      {
         user:'user2',
         message: 'My second comments',
         dateCreated: new Date(2011,1,25,7,45),
         like: 5
      }
   ]
}

Sample Document

MongoDB Data Modelling

{
   _id: POST_ID
   title: TITLE_OF_POST, 
   description: POST_DESCRIPTION,
   by: POST_BY,
   url: URL_OF_POST,
   tags: [TAG1, TAG2, TAG3],
   likes: TOTAL_LIKES, 
   comments: [	
      {
         user:'COMMENT_BY',
         message: TEXT,
         dateCreated: DATE_TIME,
         like: LIKES 
      },
      {
         user:'COMMENT_BY',
         message: TEXT,
         dateCreated: DATE_TIME,
         like: LIKES
      }
   ]
}

RDBMS Schema Design

MongoDB Schema Design

MongoDB datatypes

String : This is most commonly used datatype to store the data. String in mongodb must be UTF-8 valid.
Integer : This type is used to store a numerical value. Integer can be 32 bit or 64 bit depending upon your server.
Boolean : This type is used to store a boolean (true/ false) value.
Double : This type is used to store floating point values.
Min/ Max keys : This type is used to compare a value against the lowest and highest BSON elements.
Arrays : This type is used to store arrays or list or multiple values into one key.
Timestamp : ctimestamp. This can be handy for recording when a document has been modified or added.
Object : This datatype is used for embedded documents.
Null : This type is used to store a Null value.
Symbol : This datatype is used identically to a string however, it's generally reserved for languages that use a specific symbol type.

Date : This datatype is used to store the current date or time in UNIX time format. You can specify your own date time by creating object of Date and passing day, month, year into it.
Object ID : This datatype is used to store the document’s ID.
Binary data : This datatype is used to store binay data.
Code : This datatype is used to store javascript code into document.
Regular expression : This datatype is used to store regular expression

MongoDB datatypes

Create Database

use DATABASE_NAME

>use mydb
switched to db mydb

>db
mydb

>show dbs
local     0.78125GB
test      0.23012GB

Drop Database

db.dropDatabase()

Create Collection

>use test
switched to db test
>db.createCollection("mycollection")
{ "ok" : 1 }
>

>show collections
mycollection
system.indexes

>db.createCollection("mycol", { capped : true, autoIndexID : true, size : 6142800, max : 10000 } )
{ "ok" : 1 }
>

db.mycol.insert({
   _id: ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   title: 'MongoDB Overview', 
   description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',
   by: 'tutorials point',
   url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
   tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
   likes: 100
})

db.post.insert([
{
   title: 'MongoDB Overview', 
   description: 'MongoDB is no sql database',
   by: 'tutorials point',
   url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
   tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
   likes: 100
},
{
   title: 'NoSQL Database', 
   description: 'NoSQL database doesn't have tables',
   by: 'tutorials point',
   url: 'http://www.tutorialspoint.com',
   tags: ['mongodb', 'database', 'NoSQL'],
   likes: 20, 
   comments: [	
      {
         user:'user1',
         message: 'My first comment',
         dateCreated: new Date(2013,11,10,2,35),
         like: 0 
      }
   ]
}
])

Insert Document

Update document and save method

db.mycol.update({'title':'MongoDB Overview'},{$set:{'title':'New MongoDB Tutorial'}},{multi:true})

db.mycol.save(
   {
      "_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials Point New Topic", "by":"Tutorials Point"
   }
)

Delete and truncate document

db.mycol.remove({'title':'MongoDB Overview'})

db.mycol.remove()

>db.mycol.find({"by":"tutorials point","title": "MongoDB Overview"}).pretty()
{
   "_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   "title": "MongoDB Overview", 
   "description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
   "by": "tutorials point",
   "url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",
   "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
   "likes": "100"
}
>

Query Document

>db.mycol.find({$or:[{"by":"tutorials point"},{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty()
{
   "_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
   "title": "MongoDB Overview", 
   "description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
   "by": "tutorials point",
   "url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",
   "tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
   "likes": "100"
}
>

AND in MongoDB

OR in MongoDB

MongoDB: Limiting and Sorting Records

>db.mycol.find({},{"title":1,_id:0}).limit(2)
{"title":"MongoDB Overview"}
{"title":"NoSQL Overview"}
>

>db.mycol.find({},{"title":1,_id:0}).limit(1).skip(1)
{"title":"NoSQL Overview"}
>

>db.mycol.find({},{"title":1,_id:0}).sort({"title":-1})
{"title":"Tutorials Point Overview"}
{"title":"NoSQL Overview"}
{"title":"MongoDB Overview"}
>

MongoDB: Indexing

db.mycol.ensureIndex({"title":1,"description":-1})

MongoDB with PHP

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
?>

Make a connection and Select a database

Create a Collection

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->createCollection("mycol");
   echo "Collection created succsessfully";
?>

Insert a Document

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";
   $document = array( 
      "title" => "MongoDB", 
      "description" => "database", 
      "likes" => 100,
      "url" => "http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/",
      "by", "tutorials point"
   );
   $collection->insert($document);
   echo "Document inserted successfully";
?>

MongoDB with PHP

Find all documents

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";

   $cursor = $collection->find();
   // iterate cursor to display title of documents
   foreach ($cursor as $document) {
      echo $document["title"] . "\n";
   }
?>

Title Text

Update a document

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";

   // now update the document
   $collection->update(array("title"=>"MongoDB"), array('$set'=>array("title"=>"MongoDB Tutorial")));
   echo "Document updated successfully";
   // now display the updated document
   $cursor = $collection->find();
   // iterate cursor to display title of documents
   echo "Updated document";
   foreach ($cursor as $document) {
      echo $document["title"] . "\n";
   }
?>

MongoDB with PHP

MongoDB with PHP and Java

Update a document

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";

   // now update the document
   $collection->update(array("title"=>"MongoDB"), array('$set'=>array("title"=>"MongoDB Tutorial")));
   echo "Document updated successfully";
   // now display the updated document
   $cursor = $collection->find();
   // iterate cursor to display title of documents
   echo "Updated document";
   foreach ($cursor as $document) {
      echo $document["title"] . "\n";
   }
?>

MongoDB with PHP

Delete a document

<?php
   // connect to mongodb
   $m = new MongoClient();
   echo "Connection to database successfully";
   // select a database
   $db = $m->mydb;
   echo "Database mydb selected";
   $collection = $db->mycol;
   echo "Collection selected succsessfully";
   
   // now remove the document
   $collection->remove(array("title"=>"MongoDB Tutorial"),false);
   echo "Documents deleted successfully";
   
   // now display the available documents
   $cursor = $collection->find();
   // iterate cursor to display title of documents
   echo "Updated document";
   foreach ($cursor as $document) {
      echo $document["title"] . "\n";
   }
?>

Questions?

nirmal@ndimensionz.com

nirmalkamath@gmail.com

Thank you :-)

@nirmalkamath