What's New and Exciting in PHP 7

Presented By: Nirmal V,
Date: 25/07/2017
Location: OpenSource Kerala 2017, Kochi

PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor

22 years history (Since 1995)
The most popular server side language: PHP is used by 82.3% of all the websites (Source: w3techs.com)
Used by Facebook, Wikipedia, Yahoo, Etsy, Flickr, Digg etc.

Latest Version is PHP 7.1

PHP

Released Date: 3rd December 2015

Improved Performance
Lower Memory Consumption

Uses Zend Engine 3.0

Consistent 64-bit support

New Parser

Improved Exception Hierarchy

Many fatal errors converted to Exceptions

Deprecated SAPI's and Extensions removed

Anonymous Classes

Unicode support at the core language level

Not Released, Project is abandoned

PHP 6?

PHP 7 - Speed

PHP 7 - Null Coalescing Operator

<?php
   // fetch the value of $_GET['user'] and returns 'not passed'
   // if username is not passed
   $username = $_GET['username'] ?? 'not passed';
   print($username);
   print("<br/>");

   // Equivalent code using ternary operator
   $username = isset($_GET['username']) ? $_GET['username'] : 'not passed';
   print($username);
   print("<br/>");
   // Chaining ?? operation
   $username = $_GET['username'] ?? $_POST['username'] ?? 'not passed';
   print($username);
?>

PHP 7 - Spaceship Operator

<?php
   //integer comparison
   print( 1 <=> 1);print("<br/>");
   print( 1 <=> 2);print("<br/>");
   print( 2 <=> 1);print("<br/>");
   print("<br/>");
   //float comparison
   print( 1.5 <=> 1.5);print("<br/>");
   print( 1.5 <=> 2.5);print("<br/>");
   print( 2.5 <=> 1.5);print("<br/>");
   print("<br/>");
   //string comparison
   print( "a" <=> "a");print("<br/>");
   print( "a" <=> "b");print("<br/>");
   print( "b" <=> "a");print("<br/>");
?>

It produces the following browser output −

PHP 7 - use Statement

<?php
   // Before PHP 7
   use com\tutorialspoint\ClassA;
   use com\tutorialspoint\ClassB;
   use com\tutorialspoint\ClassC as C;

   use function com\tutorialspoint\fn_a;
   use function com\tutorialspoint\fn_b;
   use function com\tutorialspoint\fn_c;

   use const com\tutorialspoint\ConstA;
   use const com\tutorialspoint\ConstB;
   use const com\tutorialspoint\ConstC;

   // PHP 7+ code
   use com\tutorialspoint\{ClassA, ClassB, ClassC as C};
   use function com\tutorialspoint\{fn_a, fn_b, fn_c};
   use const com\tutorialspoint\{ConstA, ConstB, ConstC};

?>

PHP 7 - Removed Extensions

Following Extensions have been removed from PHP 7 onwards −

ereg

mssql

mysql

sybase_ct

PHP 7 - Constant Arrays

<?php
   //define a array using define function
   define('animals', [
      'dog',
      'cat',
      'bird'
   ]);
   print(animals[1]);
?>

PHP 7 - Integer Division

<?php
   $value = intdiv(10,3);
   var_dump($value);
   print("<br />");
   print($value);
?>

It produces the following browser output −

int(3) 
3

PHP 7 - Return Type Declarations

<?php
   declare(strict_types = 1);
   function returnIntValue(int $value): int {
      return $value; // Valid Return Type
?>
   }
   print(returnIntValue(5)); 
?>

<?php
   declare(strict_types = 1);
   function returnIntValue(int $value): int {
      return $value + 1.0; //Invalid Return Type
   }
   print(returnIntValue(5)); 
?>

PHP 7 - Error Handling

<?php
   class MathOperations {
      protected $n = 10;

      // Try to get the Division by Zero error object and display as Exception
      public function doOperation(): string {
         try {
            $value = $this->n % 0;
            return $value;
         } catch (DivisionByZeroError $e) {
            return $e->getMessage();
         }
      }
   }

   $mathOperationsObj = new MathOperations();
   print($mathOperationsObj->doOperation());
?>

PHP 7 - CSPRNG

<?php
   $bytes = random_bytes(5);
   print(bin2hex($bytes));
?>

<?php
   print(random_int(100, 999));
   print("");
   print(random_int(-1000, 0));
?>

PHP 7 - IntlChar

<?php
   printf('%x', IntlChar::CODEPOINT_MAX);
   print (IntlChar::charName('@'));
   print(IntlChar::ispunct('!'));
?>

PHP 7 - Anonymous classes

<?php
/**
 * Anonymous classes
 */
$foo = new class {
    public function foo() {
        return "bar";
    }
};
var_dump($foo,$foo->foo());

PHP 7 - Scalar Type Declarations

<?php
/**
 * Scalar type declarations
 */
//declare(strict_types=1);
function add(int $a, int $b) {
    return $a + $b;
}
print add(1,2);
print add("1","2");

PHP 7 - Class Constant Visibility

class Post
{
    protected const PUBLISHED = 1;
    protected const DRAFT = 2;
    protected const TRASHED = 3;

    // ...
}

PHP 7 - Void return type

function dump($object): void
{
    var_dump($object);
}

A void function can omit the return statement or add an empty one (return;).

PHP 7 - ArgumentCountError Exception

// PHP 5.6
function sum($a, $b)
{
    return $a + $b;
}

sum(); 
// Warning: Missing argument 1 for sum()
// Warning: Missing argument 2 for sum()

sum(3);
// Warning: Missing argument 2 for sum()

sum(3, 4);

// PHP 7.1
function sum($a, $b)
{
    return $a + $b;
}

sum(); 
// Fatal error: Uncaught ArgumentCountError: Too few arguments 
to function sum(), 0 passed in /vagrant/index.php on line 18 
and exactly 2 expected in /vagrant/index.php:13

sum(3); // skipped

sum(3, 4); // skipped

PHP 7 - Invalid String Arithmetics

var_dump("1" + "2");
var_dump("1" + "a string");
var_dump("1" + "2  with a string");

in PHP 7.1, we get a warning if a non numeric value is found, and a notice if the value is not well formatted (2 a string = 2).

PHP 7 - Deprecated Features

<?php
   // PHP 4 style constructors
   class A {
      function A() {
         print('Style Constructor');
      }
   }
?>

<?php
   //Static calls to non-static methods
   class A {
      function b() {
         print('Non-static call');
      }
   }
   A::b();
?>

Thanks

nirmalkamath@gmail.com

http://codenirmal.com