all the things!

Prashant Tiwari
@prashaantt

github.com/prashaantt/typescript-demos

Growth

Traffic to TypeScript questions grew by an impressive 142% in the last year, enough that we left it off to avoid overwhelming the rest of the scale.


Stack Overflow Blog / September 6, ‘17

What is it?

A bootstrapped (i.e. written in TS itself)
 

  • Static type-checker
     
  • ES2015/16/17 transpiler

or

A statically typed superset of EcmaScript that compiles to plain JavaScript

Benefits of static typing

  • Statement completion
     
  • Error-checking
     
  • Code navigation
     
  • Safe refactoring
     
  • Quick fixes

Transpilation

  • Write typed ES2015/16/17/next
     
  • Use async/await, generators, decorators, static properties, dynamic imports, rest/spread...
     
  • Target ES3/5/6* on web/Node/native
     
  • Integrate with build pipelines (e.g. Webpack)

 

  * Just bring your own polyfills.

FAQs

  • Isn’t that what Angular uses?
     
  • So what about ES6?
     
  • Do browsers understand types?
     
  • But can you use it in Node?

What does it not do?

  • Provide a “sound” type system
     
  • Impose a programming style
     
  • Remove the “bad parts“
     
  • Introduce expression-level syntax
     
  • Provide polyfills

Installation

​npm install -g typescript

or
 

yarn global add typescript

Editors

Setup

tsc --init

// tsconfig.json

{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "target": "es5", // ES3, ES2015, ES2016, ES2017, ESNEXT
    "module": "commonjs", // es2015, amd, umd, system
    "strict": true // strict type-checking options
  }
}

Other settings

"target": "es5",              
"module": "commonjs",         
// "lib": [],                 
// "allowJs": true,           
// "checkJs": true,           
// "jsx": "preserve", // react
// "declaration": true,       
// "sourceMap": true,         
// "outFile": "./",           
// "outDir": "./",            
// "rootDir": "./",           
// "removeComments": true,    
// "noEmit": true,            
// "importHelpers": true,     
// "downlevelIteration": true,
// "isolatedModules": true,   
                                            
/* Strict Type-Checking Options */        
"strict": true              
// "noImplicitAny": true,   
// "strictNullChecks": true,
// "noImplicitThis": true,  
// "alwaysStrict": true,

/* Additional Checks */                   
// "noUnusedLocals": true,            
// "noUnusedParameters": true,        
// "noImplicitReturns": true,         
// "noFallthroughCasesInSwitch": true,
                                            
/* Module Resolution Options */           
// "moduleResolution": "node",          
// "baseUrl": "./",                     
// "paths": {},                         
// "rootDirs": [],                      
// "typeRoots": [],                     
// "types": [],                         
// "allowSyntheticDefaultImports": true,
                                            
/* Source Map Options */                  
// "sourceRoot": "./",     
// "mapRoot": "./",        
// "inlineSourceMap": true,
// "inlineSources": true,  
                                            
/* Experimental Options */                
// "experimentalDecorators": true,
// "emitDecoratorMetadata": true

Static vs dynamic typing

// dynamically typed: a and b can be any values

const aPlusB = (a, b) => a + b;
// statically typed: a and b can only be numbers

const add = (a: number, b: number) => a + b;
// concat inferred to return string

const concat = (a: string, b: number) => a + b;

JavaScript datatypes

  • number
  • string
  • boolean
  • object
  • undefined
  • symbol (ES6)
  • null

TypeScript datatypes

  • null
  • Function
  • Array
  • void
  • Tuple
  • any
  • never
  • class
  • interface
  • enum
  • Union
  • Intersection
  • String literal
  • Index and mapped

Advanced

Basic

Fun with types (demo)

  • Optional args
     

  • strictNullChecks

  • Structural (duck) typing
     

  • Generics
     

  • Control-flow analysis

Working with JS libs

  • Type definition files (.d.ts)
     

  • @types npm namespace
(npm install -d @types/jquery)

  • DefinitelyTyped
     

  • dts-gen

Migrating to TypeScript

  • Automatic type acquisition
     

  • allowJS

     

  • checkJS

     

  • // @ts-check

Better designs with TypeScript

  • Coding to interfaces
     

  • Testability and functional programming
     

  • Mixins
     

  • Simulated function overloading
     

  • Abstract, public, private, protected, readonly modifiers

Thanks!

github.com/Microsoft/typescript

@prashaantt

github.com/prashaantt/typescript-demos

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