Westbrook Glaucoma

Results -- Figures

• Scotoma Simulation MS

• Effect of Glaucoma on Gaze Behavior

• Ophthalmic Measures and VR Paradigm

• Local and Global Gaze Behavior

• The Effect of Visual Function on Gaze Behavior

Hypotheses

H1 · local gaze

• Glaucoma-related dwell-time change
• Peripheral-field compensation

H2 · global gaze

• Lower building connectivity
• Weaker landmark-hub structure

Paradigm · Figure 1

(NDC)

(C)

(GL)

Results · Figure 2 Outcome Measures

No difference

lower NDC in GL

Results · Table 1 Dwell Time

No difference in Dwell Time

Results · Table 2 NDC 

NDC differs between Glaucoma and Control

Results · Table 3 Post-hoc 

Results · Figure 3  Visual Function Effect on NDC 

worst

best

Relation of NDC with retinal thickness and visual field defect*

Main Message 

- Preserved local processing — similar building dwell times
- Reduced global visual exploration — lower gaze-network connectivity
- Consistency with reduced scanning
- pRNFL–NDC relationship — retinal damage linked to gaze organization
- Extension from laboratory visual search to naturalistic VR navigation

Supplementary Table S1

Participant Characteristics

Supplementary Figure S3

pRNFL vs Visual Function