Elevator: OMS

Metabolism

 

Saj Arora

Big Picture

  • Catabolism vs. Anabolism
  • Anaerobic vs. Aerobic Reactions
  • Glycolysis
  • TCA Cycle
  • ETC (Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulfur, Carbonate)
  • Obligates, Facultative, Microaerophilic, Capnophilic
  • Oral Cavity (OA)

Big Picture

  • Radicals, Superoxides
  • NAD+ Recycling and Fermentation
  • Acetoin*: Voges-Proskauer Test
  • Temperature Dependence
  • Minimal Media (Prototrophs v. Auxotrophs)
  • Transport Processes
  • Synthesis of Peptidoglycan

Catabolism V. Anabolism

  1. Glycolysis occurs in the cell cytosol while ETC is in the outer mitochondrial matrix
  2. All catabolic pathways can occur in anaerobic conditions except the Electron Transport Chain
  3. 4 ATP are generated through Glycolysis with a net of 2 ATP
  4. Substrate level phosporylation is the end step of ETC
  5. Regeneration of NAD+ occurs through the lactic acid pathway using the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase

Answers Slide Down!!!

Catabolism V. Anabolism

  1. Glycolysis occurs in the cell cytosol while ETC is in the outer mitochondrial matrix - False (inner MM)
  2. All catabolic pathways can occur in anaerobic conditions except the Electron Transport Chain - False (TCA cycle requires oxygen)
  3. 4 ATP are generated through Glycolysis with a net of 2 ATP - True
  4. Substrate level phosporylation is the end step of
    ETC - False (Oxidative)
  5. Regeneration of NAD+ occurs through the lactic acid pathway using the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase - False (Lactate dehydrogenase)

Pathways and Oxygen use

  1. Each Acetyl-CoA processed through the TCA Cycle produces 3 NADH and 2 FADH2
  2. Oxygen is the only possible final electron acceptor for NADH and FADH2 oxidation
  3. Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen due to the lack of Superoxide Dismutase
  4. Microaerophilic bacterial like >10% oxygen but
    < 15 % oxygen

Pathways and Oxygen use

  1. Each Acetyl-CoA processed through the TCA Cycle produces 3 NADH and 2 FADH2 - False (1 FADH2)
  2. Oxygen is the only possible final electron acceptor for NADH and FADH2 oxidation - False
  3. Obligate anaerobes are poisoned by oxygen due to the lack of Superoxide Dismutase - True
  4. Microaerophilic bacterial like >10% oxygen but
    < 15 % oxygen - False

Fermentation

  1. Ethanolic or lactic acid fermentation pathways are ways of regenerating Electron Carriers such as NADH
  2. Pyruvate is the final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation
  3. Fermentation reaction that produce Acetoin can be tested using Voges-Proskauer test (e. coli is - ive and enterobacteria are + ive)
  4. Pyruvic acid is the final electron acceptor in
    ethanol fermentation reaction

Fermentation

  1. Ethanolic or lactic acid fermentation pathways are ways of regenerating Electron Carriers such as NADH - True
  2. Pyruvate is the final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation - True
  3. Fermentation reaction that produce Acetoin can be tested using Voges-Proskauer test (e. coli is - ive and enterobacteria are + ive) - True
  4. Pyruvic acid is the final electron acceptor in
    ethanol fermentation reaction - False (acetylaldehyde)

Temperature Dependence

  1. Pyscrophiles like Listeria love to grow at warm temperatures
  2. Mesophiles were probably the first living organisms on earth
  3. Minimal media consists of 5 basic substrates required by E. coli to grow hence, it is called a prototroph
  4. Most use of ATP by bacteria is to synthesize
    RNA followed by proteins.

Temperature Dependence

  1. Pyscrophiles like Listeria love to grow at warm temperatures - False (cold temp.)
  2. Mesophiles were probably the first living organisms on earth - False (extremophiles/thermophiles)
  3. Minimal media consists of 5 basic substrates required by E. coli to grow hence, it is called a prototroph - True
  4. Most use of ATP by bacteria is to synthesize
    RNA followed by proteins. - False (50% proteins, 14% RNA)

Transport Processes

  1. Facilitated Diffusion is a passive process that requires 0 ATP
  2. Phosphoenolypyruvate Tranferase system is used by bacteria to transport sucrose into the cell
  3. Sucrose is an inducer of Enzyme II and Su-6-P hydrolase genes
  4. Peptidoglycan is a repeating polymer N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosame acid and its synthesis is facilitated by pencillin-binding transpeptidase

Transport Processes

  1. Facilitated Diffusion is a passive process that requires 0 ATP - True
  2. Phosphoenolypyruvate Tranferase system is used by bacteria to transport sucrose into the cell - True
  3. Sucrose is an inducer of Enzyme II and Su-6-P hydrolase genes - True
  4. Peptidoglycan is a repeating polymer N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosame acid and its synthesis is facilitated by pencillin-binding transpeptidase - True

Peptidoglycan synthesis

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