Publishing Wordpress
Web servers, and their technologies.
The Web
"The World Wide Web (WWW), commonly known as the Web, is an information system where documents and other web resources are identified by Uniform Resource Locators (URLs, such as https://example.com/), which may be interlinked by hypertext, and are accessible over the Internet. The resources of the Web are transferred via the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) and may be accessed by users by a software application called a web browser and are published by a software application called a web server."
World Wide Web
Wikipedia
The Internet
"The Internet is the backbone of the Web, the technical infrastructure that makes the Web possible. At its most basic, the Internet is a large network of computers which communicate all together. The history of the Internet is somewhat obscure. It began in the 1960s as a US-army-funded research project, then evolved into a public infrastructure in the 1980s with the support of many public universities and private companies."
How Does The Internet Work?
Mozilla Developer Network
Servers
"At the most basic level, whenever a browser needs a file that is hosted on a web server, the browser requests the file via HTTP. When the request reaches the correct (hardware) web server, the (software) HTTP server accepts the request, finds the requested document, and sends it back to the browser, also through HTTP.
(If the server doesn't find the requested document, it returns a 404 response instead.)"
Mozilla Developer Network
Name Servers
"The Domain Name System is maintained by a distributed database system, which uses the client–server model. The nodes of this database are the name servers. Each domain has at least one authoritative DNS server that publishes information about that domain and the name servers of any domains subordinate to it. The top of the hierarchy is served by the root name servers, the servers to query when looking up (resolving) a TLD."
Wikipedia
Static and Dynamic Servers
"A static web server, or stack, consists of a computer (hardware) with an HTTP server (software). We call it "static" because the server sends its hosted files as-is to your browser. A dynamic web server consists of a static web server plus extra software, most commonly an application server and a database. We call it "dynamic" because the application server updates the hosted files before sending content to your browser via the HTTP server."
Mozilla Developer Network
LAMP Stack
"LAMP is a very common example of a web service stack, named as an acronym of the names of its original four open-source components: the Linux operating system, the Apache HTTP Server, the MySQL relational database management system (RDBMS), and the PHP programming language. The LAMP components are largely interchangeable and not limited to the original selection. As a solution stack, LAMP is suitable for building dynamic web sites and web applications."
Wikipedia
Other Stacks
- LEMP (Linux, NGINX, MariaDB, PHP)
- LLMP (Linux, Lighttpd, MySQL, Perl)
- MEAN (Node, Express, MongoDB, Angular)
- MERN (Node, Express, MongoDB, React)
- Python (Linux, Apache, Postgress, Python)
- Ruby on Rails (Linux, Rails, MySQL, Ruby)
- WISA (Windows, IIS, SQL Server, ASP.NET)
- WAMP (Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP)
- MAMP (Mac, Apache, MySQL, PHP)
Web Frameworks
"As we saw in the last article, web servers and browsers communicate via the HTTP protocol — servers wait for HTTP requests from the browser and then return information in HTTP responses. Web frameworks allow you to write simplified syntax that will generate server-side code to work with these requests and responses. This means that you will have an easier job, interacting with easier, higher-level code rather than lower level networking primitives."
Mozilla Developer Network
Examples
-
PHP-based Stacks:
Wordpress, Joomla, Drupal
-
Python-based Stacks:
Django, Flash, Pylons
-
Scala-based Stacks:
Play, Finch, Lift
-
Node-based Stacks:
Meteor, Redwood, NextJS
Other Stacks
- LEMP (Linux, NGINX, MariaDB, PHP)
- LLMP (Linux, Lighttpd, MySQL, Perl)
- MEAN (Node, Express, MongoDB, Angular)
- MERN (Node, Express, MongoDB, React)
- Python (Linux, Apache, Postgress, Python)
- Ruby on Rails (Linux, Rails, MySQL, Ruby)
- WISA (Windows, IIS, SQL Server, ASP.NET)
- WAMP (Windows, Apache, MySQL, PHP)
- MAMP (Mac, Apache, MySQL, PHP)
=
LOCALHOST:3000
192.168.0.1
Localhost
"In computer networking, localhost is a hostname that refers to the current computer used to access it. It is used to access the network services that are running on the host via the loopback network interface. Using the loopback interface bypasses any local network interface hardware."
Wikipedia
MAMP: The Software
"The name is derived from LAMP, a similar stack of all open-source software widely used for web sites, but substituting the proprietary macOS for the open-source Linux OS. (Similar "AMP" stacks exist for other operating systems.) MAMP is not limited to these choices of components, however; Nginx can be used in place of Apache, for example, and the same goes for substituting MariaDB for MySQL."
Wikipedia
phpMyAdmin
"phpMyAdmin is a free and open source administration tool for MySQL and MariaDB. As a portable web application written primarily in PHP, it has become one of the most popular MySQL administration tools, especially for web hosting services."
Wikipedia
Control Panel
"A web hosting control panel is a web-based interface provided by a web hosting service that allows users to manage their servers and hosted services. Web hosting control panels usually include the following modules: Web server (e.g. Apache HTTP Server, NGINX, Internet Information Services), Domain Name System server, Mail server and spam filter, File Transfer Protocol server
Database, File manager, System monitor, Web log analysis software, Firewall, phpMyAdmin."
Wikipedia
Control Panels Examples
Afrihost (Propriety)
cPanel (Open-source)
Plesk (Open-source)
FTP
"The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between a client and server on a computer network. FTP is built on a client-server model architecture using separate control and data connections between the client and the server. FTP users may authenticate themselves with a clear-text sign-in protocol, normally in the form of a username and password, but can connect anonymously if the server is configured to allow it."
Wikipedia
konsoleH
"konsoleH provides an interface for the administration of accounts, domains and webmail. It therefore combines the jobs previously done by several interfaces. With konsoleH you can also easily order new accounts and domains as well as upgrade existing accounts. You can also manage your email accounts, personal information and bank details with konsoleH. Various access levels also increase the flexibility of the system."
Hetzner Docs
Sub Domains
"The Domain Name System (DNS) has a tree structure or hierarchy, with each non-RR (resource record) node on the tree being a domain name. A subdomain is a domain that is part of a larger domain; the only domain that is not also a subdomain is the root domain. [...] The full domain name may not exceed a total length of 253 ASCII characters in its textual representation.
Wikipedia