HTML

大綱

  • 什麼是HTML
  • HTML TAG
  • HTML 基本架構
    • Lab 1-Your First Web Page
  • ​瀏覽器如何顯示出HTML
  • HTML 常用標籤
    • Lab 2-個人網頁

什麼是HTML

HyperText Markup Language(超文字標示語言)

HyperText 

  • 顯示在電子裝置上內容
  • 超連結

Markup Language

  • 標記最早用於出版業，用於描述排版格式
  • 將文字與其他資訊（ex.結構）寫在一起
  • 有一定的規則，但不會視為一種程式語言

常見的Markup Language-HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<title>My First Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
	<p>這是我的第一個網頁</p>
</body>
</html>
My First Web Page
這是我的第一個網頁

常見的Markup Language-XML

ex. SVG-Scalable Vector Graphics

SVG Editor: Inkscape、Illustrator

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<!DOCTYPE svg PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD SVG 1.1//EN" 
    "http://www.w3.org/Graphics/SVG/1.1/DTD/svg11.dtd">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" version="1.1" 
    width="467" height="462">
  <!-- This is the red square: -->
  <rect x="80" y="60" width="250" height="250" rx="20" fill="red"
         stroke="black" stroke-width="2px" />
  <!-- This is the blue square: -->
  <rect x="140" y="120" width="250" height="250" rx="40" fill="blue"
         stroke="black" stroke-width="2px" fill-opacity="0.7" />
<rect x="180" y="160" width="250" height="250" rx="40" fill="blue"
         stroke="green" stroke-width="2px" fill-opacity="0.7" />
</svg>

常見的Markup Language-XML

SVG-Try it youself

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<!-- Created with Inkscape (http://www.inkscape.org/) -->

<svg
   xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
   xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#"
   xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
   xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
   xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"
   xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd"
   xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape"
   width="3840"
   height="2160"
   viewBox="0 0 1016 571.49999"
   version="1.1"
   id="svg8"
   inkscape:version="0.92.3 (2405546, 2018-03-11)"
   sodipodi:docname="chocolate.svg"
   inkscape:export-filename="C:\Users\Sam\Desktop\draw\chocolate.png"
   inkscape:export-xdpi="96"
   inkscape:export-ydpi="96">
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     pagecolor="#ffffff"
     bordercolor="#666666"
     borderopacity="1.0"
     inkscape:pageopacity="0.0"
     inkscape:pageshadow="2"
     inkscape:zoom="0.168122"
     inkscape:cx="1914.2339"
     inkscape:cy="1142.3434"
     inkscape:document-units="mm"
     inkscape:current-layer="g4384"
     showgrid="false"
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     inkscape:window-height="705"
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     inkscape:window-maximized="1"
     units="px"
     showguides="true"
     inkscape:guide-bbox="true" />
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     id="metadata5">
    <rdf:RDF>
      <cc:Work
         rdf:about="">
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        <dc:type
           rdf:resource="http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/StillImage" />
        <dc:title></dc:title>
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https://svgtopng.com/

?

常見的Markup Language-XML

SVG-Try it youself

https://svgtopng.com/

HTML TAG

start tag : <p>

end tag : </p>

Attribute(用雙引號包起來) :

<img src="/images/chocolate.phg">

HTML 基本架構

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<title>My First Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
	<p>這是我的第一個網頁</p>
</body>
</html>

<!DOCTYPE html> : 這是一份HTML5的文件

  • HTML有不同版本的標準
  • 不加這一行的話瀏覽器可能會用不如你預期的方式呈現
  • 不需要end tag

<html></html> : HTML的根元素(root element)

<head></head> : 放置不會直接顯示於頁面中的東西，例如:meta、script、title......

<title></title> : 網頁標題

<p></p>: paragraph，放置文字段落

<body></body> : 放置顯示於頁面中的東西

Lab 1-Your First Web Page

  1. 打開文字編輯器(記事本、Sublime、Notepad++、Atom、VSCode....)
  2. 貼上下方程式碼，並嘗試改掉<title>及<p>的內容
  3. 存檔為first.html
  4. 使用瀏覽器打開
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
	<title>My First Web Page</title>
</head>
<body>
	<p>這是我的第一個網頁</p>
</body>
</html>

Lab 1-Your First Web Page

瀏覽器如何顯示出HTML

  1. HTML解析成DOM Tree
  2. 建構Render tree(帶有顏色、尺寸等)
  3. 排版render tree各節點的位置
  4. 繪製出來

HTML 常用標籤

  • 標題:<h1> ~ <h6>
  • 段落:<p>
  • 清單:<ul>、<ol>、<li>
  • 其他文字標籤
  • 圖片標籤:<img>
  • 連結標籤:<a>
  • 註解:<!-- -->
  • 區塊標籤: <div>

標題:<h1> ~ <h6>

heading

段落:<p>

paragraph

清單:<ul>、<ol>、<li>

<ul> : unordered list

<ol> : ordered list

<li> : a list item

<ul>
	<li>青菜</li>
	<li>蘿蔔</li>
	<li>土豆</li>
</ul>

<ol>
	<li>早上起來</li>
	<li>刷刷牙</li>
	<li>看到了妹妹在洗澡</li>
</ol>

其他文字標籤

<strong> : Important text (粗體)
 <em> : Emphasized text (斜體)
<u> : Underlined text
<br> : line break

<strong>我是strong</strong>
<em>我是em</em>
<u>我是u</u>
<p>野<br>格<br>炸<br>彈<br></p>

圖片標籤:<img>

image

src : img標籤的attribute，代表圖片來源，可為電腦路徑或是url

<img src="pictures/chocolate.png">
<img src="https://cdn.pixabay.com/photo/2016/04/01/10/16/bar-1299829_960_720.png">

連結標籤:<a>

Link

attribute: href，hypertext reference

放置目標連結

<a href="http://web.lins.fju.edu.tw/chi/">輔大圖資系網</a>

註解:<!-- -->

開頭: <!--

結尾: -->

裡面的內容會被忽略

<!-- 這裡面的東西全不都不會顯示出來，你要怎麼打都可以 -->

區塊標籤 <div>

division: 分隔區塊用

<div style="background-color:red; width:100px; height:100px; "></div>
<div style="background-color:blue; width:100px; height:100px; clear:left;"></div>
<div style="background-color:yellow; width:100px; height:100px; clear:left;"></div>

Lab 2-個人網頁

條件1: title為你的英文名字 + 's page

條件2: 使用<h1>輸入標題「xxx的個人網頁」

條件3: 使用<h2>寫上「我的大頭貼」作為標題，加上一張代表你自己的照片(如果太大的話，在attribute中加上這段「style="width:300px;"」)

條件4: 使用<h2>寫上「我是誰?」作為標題，並用<p>寫出你的名字、系級、就讀學校

條件5: 使用<h2>寫上「我的專長」作為標題，並用<ol>列出你的3個專長，以熟悉程度排序

條件6: 使用<h2>寫上「我的興趣」作為標題，並用<ul>列出你的3個興趣

條件7: 使用<a>在就讀學校上加上輔大官網連結

Lab 2-個人網頁

學習HTML可用資源 

https://www.w3schools.com/default.asp

https://www.freecodecamp.org/

FIN

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