The International Association of Oil & Gas Producers (IOGP)
Geomatics Committee
"If you’re drilling a well in a potentially sensitive area and you’re spending millions of dollars to do it, you want to be certain that well is in the right place.
The IOGP Geomatics Committee helps to provide some of that certainty.
Committee members include specialists in surveying, geodesy, cartography and geospatial data management."
European Petroleum Survey Group
In 2005, IOGP absorbed the European Petroleum Survey Group or EPSG (1986–2005) into its structure. EPSG was a scientific organization with ties to the European petroleum industry consisting of specialists working in applied geodesy, surveying, and cartography related to oil exploration.
EPSG compiled and disseminated the EPSG Geodetic Parameter Set, a widely used database of Earth ellipsoids, geodetic datums, geographic and projected coordinate systems, units of measurement, etc.
EPSG Dataset
"The EPSG Geodetic Parameter Dataset is a collection of definitions of coordinate reference systems and coordinate transformations. These may be global, regional, national or local in application. To learn more visit www.epsg.org.
The Dataset is maintained by IOGP members through the Geodesy Subcommittee of the Geomatics Committee. It is distributed publicly at no cost as both an online (www.epsg-registry.org) and offline (www.epsg.org) resource, both requiring acceptance of the Terms of Use."
Web mercator
- datum: sfærisk - ikke ellipsoide-basert
- brukes av
Bing Maps
Open Street Map
- EPSG:3857
- se http://epsg.io/3857
- før Web Mercator ble lagt til i EPSG-datasettet, ble koden 900913 brukt (tallkoden ligner på teksten "google")
PROJCS["WGS 84 / Pseudo-Mercator",
GEOGCS["WGS 84",
DATUM["WGS_1984",
SPHEROID["WGS 84",6378137,298.257223563,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7030"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6326"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4326"]],
PROJECTION["Mercator_1SP"],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",0],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],
PARAMETER["false_easting",0],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AXIS["X",EAST],
AXIS["Y",NORTH],
EXTENSION["PROJ4","+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0
+lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0 +k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +wktext +no_defs"],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","3857"]]
EPSG 3857, med ellipsoidisk datum (!)
Opprinnelig EPSG-definisjon for Web Mercator EPSG:3785
PROJCS["Popular Visualisation CRS / Mercator (deprecated)",
GEOGCS["Popular Visualisation CRS",
DATUM["Popular_Visualisation_Datum",
SPHEROID["Popular Visualisation Sphere",6378137,0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","7059"]],
TOWGS84[0,0,0,0,0,0,0],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","6055"]],
PRIMEM["Greenwich",0,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","8901"]],
UNIT["degree",0.0174532925199433,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9122"]],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","4055"]],
PROJECTION["Mercator_1SP"],
PARAMETER["central_meridian",0],
PARAMETER["scale_factor",1],
PARAMETER["false_easting",0],
PARAMETER["false_northing",0],
UNIT["metre",1,
AUTHORITY["EPSG","9001"]],
AXIS["X",EAST],
AXIS["Y",NORTH],
EXTENSION["PROJ4","+proj=merc +a=6378137 +b=6378137 +lat_ts=0.0 +lon_0=0.0 +x_0=0.0 +y_0=0
+k=1.0 +units=m +nadgrids=@null +wktext +no_defs"],
AUTHORITY["EPSG","3785"]]
EPSG:4326
- geografiske koordinater
- ikke projisert
- Brukes i
GPS
GPX-filer
KML-filer
EPSG-koder brukt i Norge
25832: UTM sone 32, EUREF89-datum
25833: UTM sone 33, EUREF89-datum
25835: UTM sone 35, EUREF89-datum
Full liste på geonorge.no:
https://register.geonorge.no/epsg-koder
Hvordan ser Web mercator ut?
demo i ArcGIS
UTM sone 32, areal i kvadratmeter
Web Mercator, areal i kvadratmeter
Equirektangulær projeksjon (Plate Carrée), areal i kvadratmeter (denne projeksjonen velges automatisk av ArcGIS hvis datasettet har geografiske koordinater, EPSG:4326)
Wikipedia, Equirectangular projection
ArcGIS Desktop, Plate Carrée
Arealberegning med Google Maps API
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Arealberegning</title>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<script src="https://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/js?key=YOUR_API_KEY&libraries=geometry"></script>
</head>
<body>
<p>Google Maps API</p>
<p>google.maps.geometry.spherical:<br>computeArea()</p>
<p id="areal"></p>
<script>
let p1 = new google.maps.LatLng(60.78962180, 10.68012091);
let p2 = new google.maps.LatLng(60.78905971, 10.68108467);
let p3 = new google.maps.LatLng(60.78851428, 10.67966384);
let p4 = new google.maps.LatLng(60.78898582, 10.67890237);
let p5 = new google.maps.LatLng(60.78956696, 10.68004903);
let p6 = new google.maps.LatLng(60.78962180, 10.68012091);
let area = google.maps.geometry.spherical.computeArea([p1, p2, p3, p4, p5]).toFixed(1, );
document.getElementById('areal').innerHTML = "Areal: " + area + " m<sup>2</sup>";
</script>
</body>
</html>
Arealberegning med Google Maps API
Arealberegninger med
geografisk datatype i PostGIS
(koordinater oppgitt som lengde/breddegrad)
select ST_Area(ST_GeogFromText('SRID=4326;
POLYGON((1 1, 2 1, 2 2, 1 2, 1 1))'))
Resultat ved ekvator (breddegrad 1-2): 12304.8 km2
select ST_Area(ST_GeogFromText('SRID=4326;
POLYGON((10 60, 11 60, 11 61, 10 61, 10 60))'))
Resultat ved 60 grader nord: 3108.6 km2
Arealet på 60 grader nord er ca. 25 % av arealet ved ekvator.
HIG
Verktøy Projeksjon Areal % avvik fra seeiendom.no
ArcMap Web Mercator 29989,0 318
Equirectangular 14635,4 104
UTM Sone 32 7163,3 0
PostGIS Geografisk 7167,5 0
Google Maps Geografisk 7142,4 0
seeiendom.no UTM Sone 32 7167,0 0
Boligtomt i Østre Toten
Verktøy Projeksjon Areal % avvik fra seeiendom.no
ArcMap Web Mercator 4774,9 316
Equirectangular 2340,8 104
UTM Sone 32 1151,0 0
PostGIS Geografisk 1151,2 0
Google Maps Geografisk
seeiendom.no UTM Sone 32 1147,4 0
Oppsummert - resultater fra arealberegninger
Oppsummert - resultater