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Common Disease States
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Myocardial Infarction
(Heart Attack)
- Occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked
- Plaque formed in arteries due to buildup of fat, cholesterol, and other substances
- Portion of the plaque may break off, forming a blood clot
- Affected heart muscle begins to die
- If not treated, and severe enough, may lead to cardiac arrest
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Myocardial Infarction
(Heart Attack)
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Symptoms of MI
- Chest pain
- Starts in the center of the chest
- Described as pain, squeezing, pressure
- May last more than a few minutes or go away and then come back
- Pain may radiate to other areas
- Men: down arm, back (between shoulder blades)
- Women: neck, jaw, headache
- Shortness of breath
- Gastrointestinal symptoms: nausea, vomiting, heartburn
- Sweating
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Treatment of MI
- Aspirin: prevent clot from becoming bigger
- Nitroglycerin: reduce workload of the heart
- Open blockage
- Thrombolytics: medication that can dissolve clot
- Angioplasty
- Bypass surgery (CABG)
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What should I do?
- Find an adult
- Call 911
- Give aspirin, if available
- One tablet, should be chewed
Prevention
- Healthy diet and exercise
- Treat high blood pressure
- Stop smoking
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Cerebrovascular Accident
(Stroke)
- Damage to the brain due to interruption of blood supply
- Ischemic (87%): Lack of blood due to blockage
- Thrombosis due to break in plaque or arrhythmia
- Hemorrhagic (13%): Breakage in blood vessel
- Hypertension
- Aneurysm
- Ischemic (87%): Lack of blood due to blockage
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Symptoms of CVA
- Symptoms occur suddenly
- F.A.S.T.
- Facial drooping
- Arm weakness
- Speech difficulties
- Time
- Trouble seeing in one or both eyes
- Trouble walking, dizziness, loss of balance
- Sudden severe headache with no known cause
- F.A.S.T.
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Symptoms of CVA
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Treatment of Stroke
- Lower blood pressure
- Ischemic
- Dissolve clot with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
- Must be given within 3 hours
- Procedure to remove clot
- Dissolve clot with tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)
- Hemorrhagic
- Surgery to stop bleeding
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What should I do?
- Make note of the time
- Find an adult
- Call 911
- Do not give aspirin
Prevention
- Healthy diet and exercise
- Stop smoking
- Treat high blood pressure, arrhythmias, diabetes
- Blood thinners
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Other Cardiovascular Disease
- Hypertension
- Systolic: pressure during contraction
- Diastolic: pressure between beats (filling)
- Can lead to MI, stroke, heart failure
- Treatment: diet, exercise, medication
- Arrhythmia
- Abnormal heart rhythm
- Can lead to stroke, MI, cardiac arrest
- Treatment: medication, ablation, defibrillation
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Cancer
- Abnormal cell growth that leads to tumor
- Body does not have ability to repair or stop growth
- Metastasis: spread to distant site
- Commonly bone, brain, lung, and liver
- Leads to patient death
- Cause: exposure to carcinogen
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Cancer
- Warning signs: CAUTION
- Change in blowed or bladder habits
- A sore that does not heal
- Unusual bleeding or discharge
- Thinking or lump
- Indigestion of difficulty in swallowing
- Obvious change in wart or mole
- Nagging cough or hoarseness
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Chemotherapy
- Works to disrupt cell growth
- Cannot differentiate between cancerous and healthy cells
- Side effects
- Nausea/Vomiting
- Suppression of immune system
- Hair loss
- Mouth sores
- Fatigue
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Infection
- Can be caused by bacteria, fungus, or virus
- Symptoms depend on the location and pathogen but common ones include
- Fever
- Chills
- Body aches
- GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
- Medication (antibiotics)
- Specific for pathogen involved
- Need to be taken for full course, try not to skip doses
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Infection
- Not all bacteria are bad!
- Normal flora
- Intestines
- Prevention
- Wash hands
- Cover your mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
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