Operators & Control Statements

Operators & Control Statements in Java

Agenda

Arithmetic Operators
Relational Operators
Assignment vs Equality
Compound Assignment
Postfix & Prefix Operators
Branching - if else
Branching - Switch case
Logical Operators

Arithmetic operators are used to perform arithmetic operations on variables and data.

Arithmetic Operators

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int a = 5;
		int b = 3;

		int c = a + b;

		System.out.println("Sum = " + c);
	}
}

Relational Operators are used to check some relationship between two operands.

Relational Operators

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int a = 5;
		int b = 3;

		System.out.println(a < b);    // false
	}
}

Relational Operators

Operator	Description	Example
==	Is equal to	10 == 5 return false
>	Greater than	10 > 5 returns true
<	Less than	10 < 5 returns false
>=	Greater than or Equal to	10 >= 5 returns true
<=	Less than or Equal to	10 <= 5 returns false
!=	Not Equal to	10 != 5 returns true

class Main {
  public static void main(String[] args) {
    int a = 10, b = 5;

    // == operator
    System.out.println(a == b);  // false

    // != operator
    System.out.println(a != b);  // true

    // > operator
    System.out.println(a > b);  // true

    // < operator
    System.out.println(a < b);  // false

    // >= operator
    System.out.println(a >= b);  // true

    // <= operator
    System.out.println(a <= b);  // false
  }
}

Relational Operators

The = is an assignment operator is used to assign the value on the right to the variable on the left.

The == is the equality operator which is used to check whether two items are equal in value.

Assignment vs Equality Operator

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int x = 5;				
		// x is assigned value 5
		float y = 2.3;			
		// y is assigned value 2.3

		System.out.println(x == 5);		// true
		System.out.println(y == 2);		// false
	}
}

Compound assignment operators are a short-hand way of applying an operation and to assign the value to the variable on the left hand side.

Compound Assignment

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int a = 5;
		int b = 10;

		a *= 5;     // equivalant to a = a * 5;
		b -= 2;     // equivalant to b = b - 2;

		System.out.println(a);   // 25
		System.out.println(b);	 // 8
	}
}

Prefix operator – The pre-increment or pre-decrement initially increases or decrements the value before performing the specified operation.

Postfix operator – The post-increment or post-decrement performs the specified action first before increasing or decreasing the value.

Prefix & Postfix Operators

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int a = 5;
		int b = a++;
		
		System.out.println(a);	// 6
		System.out.println(b);	// 5
	}
}

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		int a = 5;
		int b = ++a;
		
		System.out.println(a);	// 6
		System.out.println(b);	// 6
	}
}

Example - Prefix Increment

Example - Postfix Increment

Branching - if else

The if statement is used to test a condition. It checks boolean condition: true or false.
It can optionally have an else if and an else statement attached with it as well.

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		String weather = "rainy";

		if (weather == "rainy") {
			System.out.println("Take an umbrella");
		}
		else if (weather == "sunny") {
			System.out.println("Wear sunglasses");
		}
		else {
			System.out.println("Check weather forecast");
		}
	}
}

Check Odd or Even

Given an integer N, check whether it is odd or even.

Sample Input

N = 5

Sample Output

Odd

In Java, a switch statement is used to transfer control to a particular block of code, based on the value of the variable being tested.

Switch Case

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		String weather = "rainy";

		if (weather == "rainy") {
			System.out.println("Take an umbrella");
		}
		else if (weather == "sunny") {
			System.out.println("Wear sunglasses");
		}
		else {
			System.out.println("Check weather forecast");
		}
	}
}

In Java, a switch statement is used to transfer control to a particular block of code, based on the value of the variable being tested.

Switch Case

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		String weather = "rainy";

		switch (weather) {
			case "rainy": 
				System.out.println("Take an umbrella");
				break;
			case "sunny":
				System.out.println("Wear sunglasses");
				break;
			default:
				System.out.println("Check weather forecast");
		}
	}
}

Days in a month

Given the number of the month, print its name and no. of days as output.

(Assume non-leap year)

Sample Input

N = 3

Sample Output

March

31 days

Vowel or Consonant

Given a lowercase character, state whether it is a vowel or a consonant.

Sample Input

Sample Output

Vowel

Ternary operator is a condensed form of if-else statement which evaluates a condition and executes the code based on the evaluated condition.

Ternary Operator

result = (condition) ? expression1: expression2 ;

result: The final variable which gets the value.

condition: This is the test condition statement that gets evaluated to true or false.

expression1: If condition gets evaluated to true then expression1 is assigned to result.

expression2 : If condition gets evaluated to false then expression 2 is assigned to result.

Ternary Operator

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int num = sc.nextInt();

        String ans;

        if (num % 2 == 0) {
            ans = "Even";
        } else {
            ans = "Odd";
        }

        System.out.println(ans);
    }
}

Given an integer number, check whether its odd or even.

Ternary Operator

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        Scanner sc = new Scanner(System.in);
        int num = sc.nextInt();

        String ans = num % 2 == 0 ? "Even" : "Odd";

        System.out.println(ans);
    }
}

Given an integer number, check whether its odd or even.

Logical Operators are used making decisions in programming based on some other conditions.

There are three types of Logical Operators in Java

Logical Operators

The AND operator takes two expressions and returns True if both the expressions are True, else it returns False.

It is denoted by &

Logical AND - &

Expression1	Expression2	Result
True	True	True
True	False	False
False	True	False
False	False	False

Short Circuit AND behaves just like Logical AND however, it only evaluates the second expression if the first expression yields true.

It is denoted by &&

Logical Short Circuit AND - &&

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        int age = 15;
        String citizenship = "Indian";

        if (age >= 18 && citizenship == "Indian") {
            System.out.println("Person may vote");
        } else {
            System.out.println("Person cannot vote");
        }

    }
}

The OR operator takes two expressions and returns true if either one of the two expressions is true, else false.

It is denoted by |

Logical OR

Expression1	Expression2	Result
True	True	True
True	False	True
False	True	True
False	False	False

Logical Short Circuit OR

class Main {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        String org = "Interviewbit";

        if (org == "Scaler" || org == "Interviewbit") {
            System.out.println("User permitted");
        } else {
            System.out.println("User not permitted");
        }
    }
}

Short Circuit OR behaves just like Logical OR however, it only evaluates the second expression if the first expression yields false.

It is denoted by ||

The logical NOT operator the return the negation of a boolean value.

That is, it returns true for false and vice-versa.

Logical NOT

class Main {
	public static void main(String args[]) {
		boolean flag = false;

		if (!flag) {
			System.out.println("Hello World");
		}
	}
}

Homework

Write a program to check if the given no. is positive and even.
Write a program to check if the given no. is divisible by either 2 or 5, but not both.