Energy Storage
Making Energy Cheap, Clean & Cheerful
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Demand Side Management (DSM), optimising renewable generation & Alternative Fuel Vehicles.
Not enough generation
Too much demand
freq < 50Hz
Too much generation
Not enough demand
freq > 50Hz
- Optimise self consumption of renewable generation
- Store when cheap, use when expensive
- Revenues from from grid for frequency response & balancing schemes
State of art circa 2013. Things are moving on .....
Batteries
Lithium
Ionic
Lead
acid
Redox
Charge Cycles
Power Density
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+
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Text
Compressed Air (CAES)
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Typically around 60 - 90% efficient
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Uses combination of compressors and expansion chambers to store/deliver energy.
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Historically very large. Underground caverns and 100-300 MW units
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Low cycle efficiency
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High self dissipation rates
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Above ground units, using air cylinders, more efficient
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Established Players
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LightSail
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FlowBattery
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New entrant from Adjacent market
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Mattei
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Flywheel ESS
- Characteristics for DR
- Short high power capability
- High cycle efficiency (up to ~95% at rated power)
- Relatively high power density
- No depth-of-discharge effects
- Easy maintenance
- Areas of differentiation
- Steel or composite flywheel (energy capacity)
- Magnetic or normal bearings (self discharge rates)
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Company Power
- Italian, founded 1919
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Market Power
- Specialist in Rotary Vane Technologies
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Offer Power
- Cost effective for compression/expansion up to 250kW
- Indicative price <$500/kW
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Execution Power
- TBC in energy storage
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Company Power
- UK based
- Formed in May 2015
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Market Power
- Innovation and direct investment based
- Manufacture of newly patented storage technologies
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Offer Power
- 0.5kW/2kWh flywheels
- Includes motors, control and inverters.
- Patents in place for novel safety system
- Pricing; £2.4/W
- Aimed at behind the meter/domestic
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Execution Power
- Production ready, but not proven.
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Company Power
- German based company
- Spun out of fuel enrichment business
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Market Power
- Leader in German Market
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Offer Power
- Flywheel-based storage
- 22kW/3.6kWh units
- Built up into containers (220-616kW)
- Pricing ~£500/kW
- Aimed at grid scale
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Execution Power
- Stadtwerke München
- 28 flywheels @ 45,000 rpm (peak)
- 100 kWh, 600 kVA.
- Stadtwerke München
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Company Power
- US based
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Market Power
- Grid based deployments in US and Ireland
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Offer Power
- Flywheel-based Energy Storage
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Current offering -400 series
- 160kW units, 80kWh
- 2 year warranty
- Pricing 1.13-1.3 $/W, ex shipping + install
- Maintenance ~$6/kW per annum
- Next generation, 2017 – 450XP
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Execution Power
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2011, 20MW facility in NY from 200 modules for frequency regulation
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Company Power
- UK private limited company
- pre-IPO
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Market Power
- UK based, but global distribution
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Offer Power
- Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
- Deep discharge with multiple cycles
- Domestic: 20kWh, 5kW
- SME: 300kWh, 60kW
- Modular solutions for grid
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Execution Power
- Built in Scotland
- Incorporated 2005
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Company Power
- UK, and EU markets
- AIM listed
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Market Power
- MoU with Good Energy
- Agreements with Shell and Toyota
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Offer Power
- Grid scale storage (HGAS)
- ReGas units (electricity to H2)
- Execution Power
- Demo units installed for Grid storage
- H2 fuelling stations deployed
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Company Power
- US based
- Founded 2009
- Marquee Investors
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Market Power
- US Grid
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Offer Power
- 250MW compressed air modules
- Storage based on industrial pipes
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Execution Power
- Installing 1MW demonstrator for grid balancing in Ireland
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Company Power
- Marquee investors
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Market Power
- US based, but global distribution
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Offer Power
- Ionic based, “Sea Water”, i.e. Na+
- Lower power density, but more sustainable than Li-Ion
- Deep discharge and high cycle count
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Execution Power
- Initially proposing a capacity of 500 megawatt-hours per year in 2013 and 2014.
- In March 2014 they announced that commercial shipments of batteries would begin in mid-2014
- In May 2014 announced they had shipped 100 units
