An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

RAOP - Rhetorical Annotation Ontology Project

Oxford, 30 September 2015

Tiziana Mancinelli

Aims:

- RAOP (Rhetorical Annotation Ontology Project) an example of a model for literary criticism

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

SIS Biennial Conference2015

- From levels of annotation

                          to text-analysis and text representation

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

SIS Biennial Conference2015

XML - TEI (Text Encoding Initiative)

Mark-up language structured in a hierarchical models

Semantic web and linked data

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

SIS Biennial Conference2015

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

SIS Biennial Conference2015

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

SIS Biennial Conference2015

MODELLING

By modelling I mean the heuristic process of conctructing and manipulating models; a "model" I take to be either a rapresentation of something for purpose of study,  or a design for realizing something new (McCarty, 2005, p. 24)

He then adds that models 'are by nature simplified and therefore fictional or idealized representations' of real objects.

The process of modelling is also an epistemological process: by modelling an object, an activity we come to know this object, and this activity.

Rhetorical Annotation Ontology Project

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

SIS Biennial Conference2015

Theoretical model

Technical language

Figures of speech, or, as they are often called, rhetorical figures, are an artful deviation from the ordinary manner of speaking, used in order to impress an audience. According to Quintilian, a figure is “any device or pattern of language in which meaning is changed or enhanced”

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is a family of World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) specifications originally designed as a metadata data model.

Ontology: a conceptual model – that consists of a set of concepts connected by relations describing a domain of interest

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

SIS Biennial Conference2015

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

Tropes

Example:

link -

<?xml version="1.0"?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
         xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/"
         xmlns:raop="http://bakulf.github.io/raop/">
<raop:Simile>
     <raop:comparison rdf:nodeID="nuvole"/>
     <raop:interpretation>leggiadri e veloci come cavalli</raop:interpretation>
     <raop:subject rdf:nodeID="cavalli"/>
  <raop:sentence>
    <raop:Group>
      <raop:items>
        <rdf:Seq>
          <rdf:li><raop:Word rdf:nodeID="cavalli" raop:value="cavalli" /></rdf:li>
          <rdf:li><raop:Word raop:value="sono " /></rdf:li>
          <rdf:li><raop:Word raop:value="svelti" /></rdf:li>
          <rdf:li><raop:Word raop:value="come" /></rdf:li>
          <rdf:li><raop:Word raop:value="le" /></rdf:li>
          <rdf:li><raop:Word rdf:nodeID="nuvole" raop:value="nuvole" /></rdf:li>
        </rdf:Seq>
      </raop:items>
    </raop:Group>
  </raop:sentence> 
</raop:Simile>

</rdf:RDF>

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

• addition (per adiectionem), by adding to the item one or more components;

• omission (per detractionem), by removing one or more components from a given item;

• transposition (per transmutationem), by changing the position of a component within the item. Also called transferring;

• permutation (per immutationem), by replacing one or more components of the whole iotem from outside. Immutatio is also called anthisesis.

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

La camera da letto di Attilio Bertolucci

(1984 - 1988)

Bertolucci depicts this novel in verse using the lens of memory to present various themes and to structure the poem, thus creating a space in which oppositions and oxymorons can arise, fairytales and history play out alongside each other, in which dreams and reality, childhood and adulthood intermingle. La camera da letto was written over a period of nearly thirty years

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

La camera da letto consists of forty-six chapters, divided in two volumes, each volume consisting of three sections.

The first volume of La camera da letto begins with a oxymoronic title Romanzo famigliare (al modo antico) – composed of eleven chapters – and it portrays Bertolucci’s family history from the late sixteenth century.

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

• hypothesis-testing

• computational modeling

• quantitative analysis.

Text Analysis

Some outputs:

Graphic

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

Text

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

Text

subject/predicate, noun/attribute, verb/adverb

Oxymoron to disentangle:

«Tenebrore accecante», «tremando nel calore», «innocente impudicizia», «dolcissima agonia», «dolcezza spossata», «l’imprevisto previsto»; «amaramente gioiosa», «immobili fuggiaschi», «silenzio violento», «gioia quasi dolorosa», «allegra minaccia», «tempestosa dolcezza», «amara felicità», «allegria disperata», «dolcemente forte»,

«umidi di sole», «sole lacrimoso»

synesthesia

«sole... che suona»,

An ontology for digital rhetoric analysis.

Analysis and modelling are rightly considered to be at the hearth of Digital Humanities; and they are fundamental components of scholarly editing, whether digital or not. As a matter of fact modelling is at the core of any epistemological activity relative to a particular object or a set of oblects in order to be analysed and understood. (Pierazzo, 2015)

http://bakulf.github.io/raop/

Many Thanks!

Conclusions