Al - Andalus

Let's watch how Al-Andalus started

Islam Empire

After Muhammad died (632)

Islamic Empire expanded

             with HOLY WARS                                called JIHAD                     

Conquered territories                

were called                

CALIPHATES

Ruled by a different

family/dynasty

the political and religious ruler 

was called a CALIPH

Title Text

Expansion of Islamic Empire

8th Century

Visigoths kingdoms were divided

Visigoth Kingdoms

were constantly fighting

King Roderic

Witiza Family

Witiza family asked 

Musa (Berber governor)

and

his general

Tariq ibn Ziya

for help

vs

Continued fighting with other

Visigothic kings

Musa and Tariq defeated Roderic

 in the

Battle of Guadalete.

...except for

Christian Kingdoms

in North

In four years,

the Berber tribes

occupied

most of the

Iberian Peninsula...

Battle of Poitiers

Charles Martel

AL-ANDALUS

Muslims continued north into the Frankish Kingdom

Charles Martel (the Hammer) stopped them

in the BATTLE OF POITIERS

Text

AL-ANDALUS

     Emirate of Al-Andalus (province)

was dependent on

Omeya/Umayyad

   CALIPHATE OF DAMASCUS

The capital was

Córdoba

714-750

Independent Emirate 756- 929CE

Abbassids killed most of the Ummayad family

and moved the capital to Baghdad 

Al Andalus became independent politically

but recognised the religious authority

of Caliph (king) in Bagdad

Abd-al-Rahman I

escaped to Al Andalus

Took power

Became EMIR (governor)

of CÓRDOBA

The Caliphate of Córdoba

929-1031

The Jewel of Europe

929-976

Abd-al- Rahman III

stopped internal revolts

united the Muslims

He claimed himself the CALIPH

Caliphate of Córdoba

Fighting between

Christians and Muslims

Abd-al- Rahman III

ruled Al-Andalus with

a Hayib = prime minister

Viziers = ministers

represented the provinces

Walis = governors

who controlled the provinces

CÓRDOBA

the most important city

in

Medieval Europe

formed  by

ARABs 

  • From Saudi Arabia
  • Minority
  • Had best land
    • and political power

Society in Al-Andalus

BERBERs

  • From North Africa
  • Less privileges than Arabs
  • Often rebelled

 

Muladies

  • Christians accepted the Islam language, traditions and religion
  • didn't pay taxes

Mozarabes

  • Christians lived with Muslims but didn't adopt their religion
  • often moved to the Northern Christian  kingdoms
  • paid taxes to Muslims

Mozarabes

  • Christians lived with Muslims but didn't adopt their religion
  • often moved to the Northern Christian  kingdoms
  • paid taxes to Muslims

 

  • Minority
  • Lived separately from Christians and Muslims
  • Usually bankersand merchants

JEWS

GIANT MARKETPLACE

Most populous city in the medieval world

Products from different parts of the world

New Irrigation Methods

1)Agriculture

ECONOMY

New Crops

ALCACHOFAS

2) Craftwork

Cultural Centre

Philosophers,

Musicians and Poets

Doctors

Astronomers

Exported - craftwork

Imported - gold and slaves (from Africa)

3) Trade

MUSLIM CITIES

MUSLIM CITIES

In 976, Hisham II, eleven years old,

 became Caliph

He attacked (razzias) and devastated

the Christian Kingdoms

in the North

Al Mansur (a general)

ruled the government

in

Hisham II's name

Slow decline of Al Andalus

In 1031

Caliphate of Córdoba

divided into TAIFAS

or small kingdoms

Death of Al Mansur  in 1002CE

Muslims paid the Christians

Parias

some

 Muslim kingdoms

became

VASSALS

to the

Christian kings

to stop their attacks

Almoravids and Almohads

Berber tribes from the

North of Africa

Went to Iberian Peninsula

to help Muslims

fight against

the constant attacks from the 

Christian kingdoms

Almoravids

 

  • stopped the Christian advances

  • reunited Al Andalus

  • fought against Christian armies

  • controlled part Al-Andalus

Almohads

11th century

12th Century

Christians united and defeated the Almohads at the Battle of las Navas de Tolosa in 1212

Reconquest

DECLINE OF AL-ANDALUS

Nasrid Kingdom of Granada

13th - 15th Century

Last Muslim kingdom on the

Iberian Peninsula

was a VASSAL

of Kingdom of Castile

Catholic Monarchs

               Ferdinand     and Isabel

                                       conquered


 the        

NASRID KINGDOM     OF GRANADA

                            in 1492

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