Al-Andalus and the Christian Kingdom
Let's watch how Al-Andalus started
Title Text
Expansion of Islamic Empire
8th Century
In 711 - Visigoths kingdoms were divided
Visigoth Kingdoms were constantly fighting
King Roderic
Witiza Family
Witiza family asked
Musa
(a Muslim ruler in the Northern Africa)
and
Tariq ibn Ziya
(a general)
for help to fight
against King Roderic
vs
They continued fighting with other Visigothic kingdoms
until they had.....
Musa and Tariq defeated Roderic
in the
Battle of Guadalete.
...except for
Christian Kingdoms
in North
... occupied
most of the
Iberian Peninsula
in four years
AL-ANDALUS
Emirate of Al-Andalus
was dependent on
Omeya Caliphate
of Damascus
The capital was
Córdoba
714-756 CE
Battle of Poitiers
Charles Martel
AL-ANDALUS
Muslims continued north into the Frankish Kingdom
Charles Martel (the Hammer) stopped them
in the BATTLE OF POITIERS
Text
Independent Emirate 756- 929CE
Abbassids killed most of the Omeya dynasty
and moved the capital to Baghdad
Al Andalus became independent politically
but recognised the religious authority
of Caliph (king) in Bagdad
Abd-al-Rahman I
(Omeya prince)
escaped to Al Andalus
Became
Independent EMIR
Abd-al- Rahman III
became
CALIPH
of the
Caliphate of Córdoba
In 919-976
Fighting between Christians and Muslims
He stopped internal revolts and united the Muslims
Caliph of Córdoba
ruled Al-Andalus with
Hayib = prime minister
Viziers = ministers
represented the provinces
Walis = governors
who controlled the provinces
Al Hakam II
(Abd al-Rahman's son)
promoted
culture
and art
Cordoba
became
one of the most
advanced cities
Europe
The Caliphate of Córdoba
The Jewel of Europe
929-1031CE
CÓRDOBA
In 976, Al Mansur (a general)
He attacked (razzias)
and devastated
the
Christian Kingdoms
in the North
Ruled
the government
Slow decline of Al Andalus
1031
1100
1200
1300
In 1031
Caliphate of Córdoba
divided into TAIFAS
or small kingdoms
Muslims paid the Christians
Parias
some
Muslim kingdoms
became
VASSALS
to the
Christian kings
to stop their attacks
When Christian kingdoms conquered TOLEDO ...
Muslims asked the Berbers
for help...
(1031-1086)
Almoravids
Berber tribes from the
North of Africa
Went to Iberian Peninsula
to help Muslims fight against
the constant attacks
from the
Christian kingdoms
Almohads
in 1086
in 1146
Almoravids
in 1086
-
practise strict version of Islam
-
conquered territories
-
became unpopular with the people
-
taifas fragmented, became smaller
-
Christian kingdoms united and fought together
-
The Christian kingdoms won the Battle of Navas of Tolosa in 1212
-
Christian kingdoms conquered the Iberian Peninsula except for....
Almohads
in 1146
came in 1146
The Nazari Kingdom of Granada
from 1246 to 1492
Last surviving Muslim territory
Nazari Kingdom of Granada
from 1246 to 1492
Nazari kingdom
a VASSAL of Kingdom of Castile
paid parias
Internal conflicts weakened the kingdom
Catholic Monarchs
Ferdinand and Isabel
conquered
the NAZARI KINGDOM OF GRANADA in 1492
The NASRID KINGDOM OF GRANADA in 1492
formed by
ARABs
- From Middle East
- Rich
- Had best land
- Political power
Society in Al-Andalus
BERBERs
- From North Africa
- Less land and wealth than Arabs
- Often rebelled
Muladies
- Christians accepted the Islam language, traditions and religion
- Became new Muslims
Mozarabes
- Christians lived with Muslims but didn't adopt their religion
- often moved to the Northern Christian kingdoms
- paid taxes to Muslims
- Minority
- Lived separately from Christians and Muslims
- Usually merchants, artisans and scholars
JEWS
Cultural Centre
Philosophers,
Musicians and Poets
Doctors
Astronomers
New Irrigation Methods
Agriculture
Prosperous Economy
Grains, grapes and olives
New Irrigation Methods
Craftwork
Artisans organised in SOUKS
similiar to guilds
worked in WORKSHOPS
Alhondigas
Buildings
to keep products
and
Merchants stayed
when they travelled
to different cities
Exported - craftwork
Imported - gold and slaves (from Africa)
Trade
COINS
dinar - gold
dirham silver