Ancient Rome
What do you know about Ancient Rome?
GLADIATORS
AQUADUCTS
- the three time periods of Ancient Rome and the main differences between them
- what was important about each period
- why each period ended
- Basic characteristics of the Roman society.
We are going to learn :
Etruscans - in the north
Greeks - colonies in the south
Latins - in the centre
Three main cultures
on the Italian Pennisula
Etruscans
Conquered ROME in 6th Century
Ruled for 250 years.
The Roman World
Mare Nostrum
There were seven hills around the Tiber River.
Etruscans, people from the north of the Italian Península
united the seven hills
into one city
and declared
themselves king.
Monarchy 753-509BC
The Monarchy 735-509BC
The king chosen by the richest people
Elected for life
King controlled
religious ceremonies,
the army
and the justice
The Romans defeated the Etruscans
and changed the Monarchy to Republic
The Republic
509-27 BC
What does REPUBLIC mean to you?
Is there only ONE person who rules????
Do the people participate in the government?
Which people? All the people? Some people? Who participates?
Three institutions:
Assemblies /comitias - a place where
(patricians & plebeians)
VOTED for laws.
Magistrates -
made political decisions
AND created laws.
Senate - A group of senators
Gave advice to
the magistrates)
Government in the REPUBLIC
Roman Society
Patricians - important, wealthy people in society.
Only people who had political power.
Plebeians - craftsmen, merchants and peasants
Slaves -
Prisoners of war
owned by the masters
Roman Women - male guardians, no political rights,
take care of children and house, work in the fields or shops
Tribune of the Plebians
5th Century
Fought to attend the Senate
Became magistrates and senators
500 BC - 27 BC - Italian Peninsula
Expansion of the REPUBLIC
Italian Peninsula
Army expanded the Roman territory
organised in LEGIONS,
formed by LEGIONARIES (soldiers)
Roman Legions
Cities were destroyed
Conquered land and people.
people who resisted
became
slaves
The conquered territories organised
in PROVINCES
Each province ruled be GOVERNOR
Expansion of the Republic
Economy - Improved
- Trade increased = more products and slaves
- Collected more taxes from conquered territories
Politics - Created PROVINCES.
- Each province had a GOVERNOR
Society - Inequality between people
- Only a few people had most of the wealth
Decline of the Republic
1st Century BCE - 27 BC
PROBLEMS
Large territories - difficult to control
Generals became more important
Solution ????
Inequality between rich and poor
Corruption
Social unrest
Internal conflicts
Fighting between different provinces and Rome = Civil Wars
WHY??????
JULIUS CAESAR A consul and general.
The most famous and victorious.
Stopped the invasion
of Roman territories in
France and Belgium
by Germanic tribes
Julius Caesar
declared himself
PERPETUAL DICTATOR.
He wanted to change Rome
from a REPUBLIC
to
an EMPIRE
DO YOU THINK THE SENATE
WAS HAPPY????
He was killed by 60 senators in the Senate
on the Ides (15) of March 44BC
Subtitle
Roman Empire
27BC - 476AD
Many people and politicians
liked and supported Caesar
a CIVIL WAR started
Octavian (Caesar's nephew)
won the war
He started the EMPIRE
and became
the 1st EMPEROR
Octavian
changed his name to
which means
CHOSEN BY THE GODS
As EMPEROR
he controlled the army
government and
was the highest
religious leader
AUGUSTUS
PAX ROMANA
Conquered new territories
and...
1st and 2nd Centuries
PAX ROMANA
1st and 2nd Centuries
Important buildings were built
Puga, Croatia
PAX ROMANA
1st and 2nd Centuries
Bath, England
PAX ROMANA
1st and 2nd Centuries
Libya
Romanisation
Conquered lands/people adopted ...
LAWS
TRADITIONS/
RELIGION
LANGUAGE - Latin
In the 3rd Century All MEN living in Roman territory
became CITIZENS
Except for slaves
Roman Society
Non-Citizens
Roman Society
WOMEN
had no political rights and
couldn't vote
Wealth landowners
Text
Merchants, craftsmen, and peasants
Text
Prisoners of war
Not free
Crisis in the Empire
3rd Century
Germanic tribes from
the north,
Persians from the east, and pirates from coast of Africa
attacked cities in the empire
There were invasions
so
Cities unsafe
People left cities
and
went to the countryside
Trade decreased
Economic crisis
TRADE COLLASPED
Cities were dangerous
People left cities
and moved to the country
and
RURALISATION
Western Roman Empire couldn't defend itself against
Germanic tribe invasions
4th Century AD
Emperor THEODOSIUS
Divided
the Roman Empire
Easier to defend
in 395AD
The empire was divided in two
Western Roman Empire
and Eastern Roman Empire - Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire became
the Byzantine Empire
lasted 1000 years until 1453AD
In 476AD
German tribes invaded and
divided the
Western Roman Empire
into small kingdoms
The Western Roman Empire
divided into separate Germanic Kingdoms