Ancient Rome
Started in 753 BC
Ended 476 AD.
What do you know about Ancient Rome?
GLADIATORS
AQUADUCTS
- How Ancient Rome grew and changed
- what was important about each period
- why each period ended
We are going to learn
about :
Roman Monarchy (753-509 BC)
started in the Italian Pennisula
The conquered territories organised
in PROVINCES
Each province ruled be GOVERNOR
ROMAN REPUBLIC
500 BC - 27 BC
Army expanded the Roman territory
organised in LEGIONS,
formed by LEGIONARIES (soldiers)
Roman Legions
Cities were destroyed
They conquered land and people.
People who resisted became slaves
Decline of the Republic
1st Century BCE - 27 BC
PROBLEMS
Large territories - difficult to control
Generals became more important
Solution ????
Inequality between rich and poor
Corruption
Social unrest
Internal conflicts
Fighting between different provinces and Rome = Civil Wars
JULIUS CAESAR was an important general.
The most famous and victorious.
Stopped the invasion
of Germaninc tribes
in Roman territories
Julius Caesar
declared himself
PERPETUAL DICTATOR.
He wanted to change Rome
from a REPUBLIC
to
an EMPIRE
but some senators
in Republic
weren't happy
He was killed by 60 senators in the Senate
on the Ides (15) of March 44BC
Roman Empire
27BC - 476AD
Many people and politicians
liked and supported Caesar
a CIVIL WAR started
Octavian (Caesar's nephew)
won the war
He started the EMPIRE
and became
the 1st EMPEROR
Octavian
changed his name to
which means
CHOSEN BY THE GODS
As EMPEROR
he controlled the army
government and
was the highest
religious leader
AUGUSTUS
Conquered new territories
and...
1st and 2nd Centuries
Mare Nostrum
Pax Romana
Romanisation
Conquered lands/people adopted ...
LAWS
TRADITIONS/
RELIGION
LANGUAGE - Latin
PAX ROMANA
1st and 2nd Centuries
Important buildings were built...
theatres, baths, aquaducts, etc
Puga, Croatia
Bath, England
Istanbul, Turkey
In the 3rd Century all the MEN living in Roman territory
became ROMAN CITIZENS
Non-Citizens
Roman Society
Wealth landowners
Text
Merchants, craftsmen, and peasants
Text
Prisoners of war
Not free
Roman Women
- not citizens
- could own property or business
participate in festivals
Crisis in the Empire
3rd Century
Germanic tribes from
the north,
Persians from the east, and pirates from coast of Africa
attacked cities in the empire
There were invasions
so
Cities unsafe
People left cities
and
went to the countryside
Trade decreased
Economic crisis
TRADE COLLASPED
Cities were dangerous
People left cities
and moved to the country
and
RURALISATION
Western Roman Empire couldn't defend itself against
Germanic tribe invasions
4th Century AD
Emperor THEODOSIUS
In AD 395
He divided
the Roman Empire
Easier to defend
Western Roman Empire
Eastern Roman Empire
The empire was divided in two...
Byzantine Empire
The Eastern Roman Empire became
the Byzantine Empire
lasted 1000 years until 1453AD
In 476AD
German tribes invaded and
divided the
Western Roman Empire
into small kingdoms
The Western Roman Empire
divided into separate Germanic Kingdoms