Ancient Rome

Unit 11

What do you know about Ancient Rome?

We are going to learn about

the three time periods of Ancient Rome and the main differences between them

why each period ended

Basic characteristics of the Roman society.

http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome12/12_03_founding_of_rome_downfall_empire.php

There were seven hills around the Tiber River.

Etruscans, people from the centre of the Italy,

united the seven hills

into one city

and declared

themselves

king.

Monarchy 753-509BC

SOCIETY

Patricians - important, wealthy people in society.

Only people who had political power

They elected a KING and formed the senate

The senate advised/aconsejaba the king

Patricians

SOCIETY

The Patricians

elected a KING

and formed the senate

The senate advised/aconsejaba

the king

In 509BC, the Latins/Romans defeated the Etruscans.

The Romans changed the Monarchy to Republic

The Republic

509-27BC/BCE

What does REPUBLIC mean to you??????

Is there only ONE person who rules????

Do the people participate in the government?

Which people? All the people? Some people? Who participates?

No.

Yes.

Patricians and Plebians

Roman Society - Republic

Patricians

Plebeians

Slaves

Minority. Wealthy

Merchants, Craftsmen and Peasants

Majority. Not free, poor.

Expansion of the REPUBLIC

http://www.the-map-as-history.com/demos/tome12/12_03_founding_of_rome_downfall_empire.php

Rome greatest expansion in 3rd and 2nd Century BC

Fought against Carthage in the Three Punic wars (264 BC-146BC)

1st Punic War

264BCE - 146BCE

Rome Invaded of Sicily/Corsica/Sardinia

2nd Punic War

Hannibal invades Italy, tries to capture Rome

He is defeated

218 - 201 BC

Romans invaded, conquered and destroyed Carthage (146 BC)

Romans named the body of water¨Mare Nostrum¨

3rd Punic War

264BCE - 146BCE

Decline of the Republic

1st Century BCE - 27 BC

PROBLEMS

Large territories - difficult to control

Corruption

Internal conflicts

fighting between different provinces and Rome

Armies and Generals became more important

Solution ????

JULIUS CAESAR was a consul and general.

He was the most famous and victorious.

Julius Caesar

declared himself PERPETUAL DICTATOR.

He wanted to change Rome

from a REPUBLIC

to

an EMPIRE

DO YOU THINK THE SENATE

WAS HAPPY????

Subtitle

He was killed by 23 senators in the Coliseum

on the Ides (15) of March 44BC

Roman Empire

27BC - 476AD

Octavian became the first emperor

and changed his name to

which means

CHOSEN BY THE GODS

As EMPEROR

controlled the army

government and

highest religious leader

AUGUSTUS

PAX ROMANA

1st and 2nd Centuries

Romanisation - UNIFIED new territories

with

Roman laws

customs, religion and language (Latin)

Important buildings were built

All MEN living in Roman territory became citizens

Most famous Emperors

FOUR DYNASTIES

from 27BC

until

217AD

Who is your favourite?

Crisis in the Empire

3rd Century

Internal conflict

Bad Emperors caused ANARCHY

External conflict

Germanic tribes from

the north,

Persians from the east, and pirates from coast of Africa

attacked cities in the empire

There were revolts and invasions

so

Cities unsafe

People left cities

and

went to the countryside

Trade decreased

Economic crisis

TRADE COLLASPED

Cities were dangerous

People left cities

and moved to the country

and

Beginning of Christianity

Jesus of Nazareth - born in a province of the Roman Empire in 1AD

His followers were persecuted by the Romans in 3rd Century AD

WHY?????

Didn't believe that the Emperors were gods

Christianity grew and the Roman Emperors were worried

The Empire Recovers

4th Century

CONSTANTINE

Two important Emperors

THEODOSIUS

Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople

Tolerated Christianity

In 313 AD

Unified territories

Emperor CONSTANTINE

Emperor

THEODOSIUS

Declared CHRISTIANITY

the official religion

in Roman Empire.

In 380 AD

Eastern Empire lasted another 1000 years

It was called Byzantine Empire

In 395, after Theodosius died

the empire was divided in two

Western and Eastern Roman Empire

Could defend their rights in the Senate in TRIBUNES

WOMEN had no political rights and

couldn't vote

Non-Citizens

Citizens

Roman Society

A Roman Teenager

Roman houses

Wealthy Romans lived here.

One floor

Centered around a courtyard

Had paintings on the walls

Mosaics on the floor

Domus

Roman houses

Domus

Insula

Block of small apartments

Bad construction - brick and wood

No running water

Dangerous in fires

Poor people lived there

Roman Houses

A large farm

One family lived in the big house

Slaves and peasants worked on the farm