Early Middle Ages

Unit 1

In 3rd and 4th Century AD

Roman Empire was invaded

by HUNS and GERMANIC Tribes

Huns

Asian steppe

nomadic animal herders

Germanic  tribes

North and East Europe

farmers : animals and agriculture

Barbarians

Economic exchanges

Joined the Roman army

Violent attacks against Roman cities

Settled in Roman territory peacefully

Emperor  CONSTANTINE

Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople

Emperor  THEODOSIUS

Divided the Roman Empire

Western and Eastern Empire

The Byzantine Empire

in the Eastern Roman Empire

and lasted 1000 years.

Invasions Western Roman Empire

Atilla the Hun attacked the Gemanic tribes

and 

the Roman Empire

Germanic tribes

settled in different parts

of the Roman Empire

ODOACER a Germanic Chieftain

deposed the

last western Roman Emperor

        ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS     

Germanic tribes formed small kingdoms

the Western Roman Empire

Angles and Saxons

Germanic and Roman populations

LANGUAGE

New languages emerged

LAW

Combination of Roman law with Germanic customs

No written laws

Religion

Pagan Germanic Tribes

converted to Arianism then Christianity

Germanic influence

German   Dutch    English

Latin influence

Spanish   French    Italian

Rural Life

People left cities

moved to the villages

Crops and animal farming

Post Roman society

No long distance travel

Exchanged farm products

Religious clergy - monks

lived there

Had a lot of land

Recieved donations

Post Roman society

Monasteries

Religious clergy - monks

lived there

Had a lot of land

In 416

Roman Emperor 

asked Visigoths

to expel the SUEVIs, VANDALs and ALANs

from the Iberian Peninsula

Roman Emperor Honorius

gave the VISIGOTHS

Gaul in south-west France and

most of the Iberian Peninsula

Visigoths acted as representatives

for the Romans

Capital - TOULOUSE

Visigoths moved the capital to TOLEDO

Toledo

Visigoths Glorious Period

568AD to 672AD

His son RECCARED

made the kingdom CHRISTIAN

King Recceswinth

unified the laws

KING LEOVIGILD expanded the Visigothic Kingdom

Society and economy

Nobles and clergy

- important politically

owned most of the land

Peasants - majority, small plots of  land

Slaves - belonged to clergy and nobles

Economy - agriculture and crafts

However,

in 7th Century

Visigothic kingdom divided and internal fighting began

This weakened the Visigoth Kingdoms,

and ....

In 711AD

 The Islamic Empire         invaded and conquered the Iberian Peninsula.

Text

The Visigothic kingdoms

disappeared.

Click on the arrow and watch the video

San Pedro de la Nave, Campillo, Zamora

One of the most important

Visigothic Churchs

San Pedro de la Nave, Campillo, Zamora

The Byzantine Empire

395 - 1453AD

The Eastern Roman Empire

/ Byzantine Empire

Capital - Constantinople

Justinian and,

his wife,Theodora

527-565CE

The Byzantine Empire

Ruled the government, army and

religious leaders together.

He invaded and conquered

ITALY,

IBERIAN PENINSULA

and NORTH AFRICAN COAST

Dominated the coast of Mediterraneean Sea

and

controlled trade between 

East and West

Created gold coins

to make trading easier

Recuperated and modernized Roman Law

The Justinian Code

This document

was called

"INNOCENT UNTIL

PROVEN GUILTY"

Justinian's rule (527-565AD)

well organized government

powerful military

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

After Justinian death in 565CE

the Byzantine Empire began to lose territories

6th Century

Lombards

conquered Italian Peninsula

7th Century

Lost southern

Iberian Peninsula

to the Visigoths

7th and 8th Century

Islamic Empire

began to conquer

territories 

around the eastern coasts

of Mediterranean Sea

During the 11th and 14th Century the Muslims and Turks conquered most of the Byzantine Empire

In 1453

Turks conquered Constantinople

Basileus / emperor

Patriarch of Constantinople

- Pope  highest religious leader

Artisans, merchants, soldiers,

free peasants

Servants and slaves

Byzantine Society - pyramid

Byzantine Society - pyramid

Byzantine cities

Hagia Sophia

Hagia Sofia 

The most important church in the Byzantine Empire

Built in 5 years (532-537CE)

during Justinian reign

Why did the church change

into a mosque (mezquita) ?

What happened to the mosaics?

What changed when the Hagia Sofia

became a mosque, and why?

watch the video and

answer the questions

Religion changed

West 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

Leader - Pope

 in 1054

Culture and art changed

Greek Alphabet

Greek replaced Latin

Latin Alphabet

the OTTOMAN TURKS conquered CONSTANTINOPLE

ending the BYZANTINE EMPIRE

In 1453, almost 1000 years

after its beginning...

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

Islamic Empire

the Religion

Started in Arabian Peninsula

Arabs lived in tribes

• Each tribe was polytheistic
• Constantly fighting
• Shared MECCA as their holy land

The Origins of Islam

Nomadic animal herders

Polytheistic

Mecca holy city

Muhammad (570-632) - rich merchant from Mecca

                      started a new monotheistic religion - Islam

Other rich merchant didn't accept his teachings so....

...he escaped to

Medina in 622

This was the beginning of the Islamic calendar - Hegira

Muhammad built an army in Medina

When Muhammad died

the Islamic Empire spread across the Arabian Peninsula

In 630

He returned to Mecca and captured the city

Orthodox Caliphate

• Conquered Arabian peninsula, Egypt and Persia
• Capital was Medina
• Caliphs were the descendents of Muhammad
• Ended when Ali ( the caliph) was killed

Omeya/Ummayad Caliphate

Conquered from Persia to the Iberian Peninsula

The Battle of Poitiers 732  stopped the Muslim invasion of Frankish Kingdom

The conquered territories were divided into EMIRATES/provinces

EMIR was the ruler of the EMIRATE

Omeya/Ummayad Caliphate

Most of the

Umayyad family was killed

except for

Abd al-Rahman

escaped to

the Iberian Peninsula

Ummayad family controlled  the Caliphate of Cordoba

in the Iberian Peninsula

Revolt between the Abbasid family and Umayyad family

Turks invaded

        Mongols invaded Bagdad

             Killed the last Abbasid caliph

Abbasid Caliphate

Lost control over territories - Al Andalus