Early Middle Ages

Unit 1

Explanation of the

Fall of the Roman Empire

List the 8 reasons

In 3rd and 4th Century AD

Roman Empire was invaded

by HUNS and GERMANIC Tribes

Huns

Asian steppe

nomadic animal herders

Germanic  tribes

North and East Europe

farmers : animals and agriculture

Barbarians

Roman called the these people

Barbarians

= foreign (extrañeros) and savage

Economic exchanges

Joined the Roman army

Violent attacks against Roman cities

Settled in Roman territory peacefully

Emperor  CONSTANTINE

Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople

Emperor  THEODOSIUS

Divided the Roman Empire

Western and Eastern Empire

The Byzantine Empire

in the Eastern Roman Empire

and lasted 1000 years.

Invasions Western Roman Empire

Atilla the Hun attacked the Gemanic tribes

and 

the Roman Empire

Germanic tribes

settled in different parts

of the Roman Empire

ODOACER a Germanic Chieftain

deposed the

last western Roman Emperor

ROMULUS AUGUSTULUS

Germanic tribes formed small kingdoms

the Western Roman Empire

Angles and Saxons

Germanic and Roman populations

LANGUAGE

New languages emerged

LAW

Combination of Roman law with Germanic customs

Religion

Pagan Germanic Tribes

converted to Arianism then Christianity

Germanic influence

German   Dutch    English

Latin influence

Spanish   French    Italian

Visigoths and Romans

SACK OF ROME

410AD

Visigoths invaded Rome

In 415

Roman Emperor 

asked Visigoths

to expel the SUEVIs, VANDALs and ALANs

from the Iberian Peninsula

Roman Emperor Honorius

gave the VISIGOTHS

Gaul in south-west France and

most of the Iberian Peninsula

Visigoths acted as representatives

for the Romans

Capital - TOULOUSE

Visigoths moved the capital to TOLEDO

Toledo

Visigoths Glorious Period 568AD to 672AD

His son RECCARED made the kingdom CHRISTIAN

King Recceswinth

unified the laws

KING LEOVIGILD expanded the Visigothic Kingdom

However,

in 7th Century

Visigothic kingdom divided and internal fighting began

This weakened the Visigoth Kingdoms,

so....

In 711AD

 The Islamic Empire invaded and conquered the Iberian Peninsula.

Text

The Visigothic kingdoms

disappeared.

San Pedro de la Nave, Campillo, Zamora

One of the most important

Visigothic Churchs

San Pedro de la Nave, Campillo, Zamora

The Byzantine Empire

395 - 1453AD

The Eastern Roman Empire

/ Byzantine Empire

Capital - Constantinople

Justinian and,

his wife,Theodora

527-565CE

The Byzantine Empire

Ruled the government, army and religious leaders together.

He invaded and conquered

ITALY,

IBERIAN PENINSULA

and NORTH AFRICAN COAST

Dominated the coast of Mediterraneean Sea

and

controlled trade between 

East and West

Created gold coins

to make trading easier

Justinian recuperated and modernized Roman Laws

The Justinian Code

This document

was called

"INNOCENT UNTIL

PROVEN GUILTY"

Hagia Sophia

video???

Hagia Sofia 

The most important church in the Byzantine Empire

Built in 5 years (532-537CE)

during Justinian reign

Why did the church change

into a mosque (mezquita) ?

What happened to the mosaics?

What changed when the Hagia Sofia

became a mosque, and why?

watch the video and

answer the questions

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

After Justinian death in 565CE

the Byzantine Empire began to lose territories

6th Century

Lombards

conquered Italian Peninsula

7th Century

Lost southern

Iberian Peninsula

to the Visigoths

7th and 8th Century

Islamic Empire

began to conquer

territories 

around the eastern coasts

of Mediterranean Sea

Religion changed

West 

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

Leader - Pope

 in 1054

Culture and art changed

Greek Alphabet

Greek replaced Latin

Latin Alphabet

the OTTOMAN TURKS conquered CONSTANTINOPLE

ending the BYZANTINE EMPIRE

In 1453, almost 1000 years

after its beginning...

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

Islamic Empire

• Each tribe was polytheistic
• Constantly fighting
• Shared MECCA as their holy land

Started in Arabian Peninsula

Arabs lived in tribes

Rich merchant from Mecca

Knew about JUDAISM

and CHRISTIANITY

Spoke about a

NEW monotheistic religion -

ISLAM

Proclaimed himself

PROPHET of ALLAH

( God in Islamic)

Who was MUHAMMAD???

Rich people of Mecca were against his teachings

Muhammad escaped to MEDINA

In 622AD

WHY?????

622AD is the HEGIRA

the first year

 of the Muslim calendar

In Medina, Muhammad...

created an army, returned to MECCA

and conquered it in 628CE

He unified different tribes under one religion - ISLAM

Islamic Empire

Islamic religion spread

throughout

the ARABIAN PENINSULA

Unified polytheistic tribes

under one religion...

ISLAM

ISLAM the Empire

Koran 

Holy book of Islam

• Mohammad is the the prophet of the only god - ALLAH
• Pray five times a day
• Pilgrimmage to MECCA once
• Fast during RAMADAN
• Help the poor

FIVE  OBLIGATIONS

ISLAM the Empire

ORTHODOX Caliphate (632-661) capital MEDINA

conquered Syria, Palestine, Persia, Egypt. Fought against the BYZANTINES

ISLAM the Empire

UMAYYAD Caliphate (661-750) capital DAMASCUS

Expanded through Northern Africa, conquered the Iberian Peninsula

ISLAM the Empire

ABBASID Dynasty (750-1258) capital BAGHDAD

Internal fighting weaken the Empire

13th Century the TURKS

became the most powerful in the region

Islamic Society

Created libraries in CORDOBA,

CAIRO and BAGHDAD

Cultivated music and poetry

Islamic Society

GREAT MERCHANTS 

TRADED...

gun powder, the compass and the astrolabe from India and China to Europe

Cloth and spices to Asia

Ivory, gold and slaves from Africa

Metals from Europe

Islamic Society

GREAT SCIENTIST, MATHEMATICIANS and INVENTORS

Introduced the ZERO, Arabic numbers and algebra

Developed advanced SURGERY and ANESTHESIA techniques

Invented the WATERWHEEL, new IRRIGATION TECHNIQUES and new CROPS - rice, oranges and saffron