Early Middle Ages

Unit 1

In 3rd and 4th Century AD

Roman Empire was invaded

by HUNS and GERMANIC Tribes

Emperor CONSTANTINE

Moved the capital from Rome to Constantinople

Emperor THEODOSIUS

Divided the Roman Empire

Western and Eastern Empire

The Byzantine Empire

in the Eastern Roman Empire

and lasted 1000 years.

Germanic tribes formed small kingdoms

the Western Roman Empire

Angles and Saxons

Roman called the these people

Barbarians

= foreign (extrañeros)

savage AND uncivilized

Germanic tribes

North and East Europe

farmers

with animals and agriculture

Barbarians

Economic exchanges

Joined the Roman army

Germanic Tribes

Friends of the Romans

Violent attacks against Roman cities

Settled in Roman territory peacefully

But sometimes enemies

Germanic and Roman populations

LANGUAGE

New languages emerged

LAW

Combination of Roman law with Germanic customs

Religion

Pagan Germanic Tribes

converted to Arianism then Christianity

Germanic influence

German Dutch English

Latin influence

Spanish French Italian

3) Majority peasants

worked the land or livestock

2) clergy - monks lived in monasteries

1) Ruled by a king

Germanic Society

Lived in villages

No long distance trade

Bought and sold in local markets

Rural society

Visigoths and Romans

ALLIANCES

CONFLICTS

Visigoths raided

Roman cities

Romans gave

Visigoths

land and food

Visigoths

gave Roman soldiers

for Roman armies

SACK OF ROME

410AD

Visigoths invaded and

destroyed Rome

In 415

Roman Emperor

asked Visigoths

to expel the SUEVIs, VANDALs and ALANs

from the Iberian Peninsula

Roman Emperor Honorius

gave the VISIGOTHS

Gaul in south-west France and

most of the Iberian Peninsula

Visigoths acted as representatives

for the Romans

Capital - TOULOUSE

In 507AD

FRANKS wanted access to the Mediterranean Sea

Pushed

the VISIGOTHS

out of Gaul

Visigoths moved the capital to TOLEDO

Toledo

Visigoths Glorious Period 568AD to 672AD

KING LEOVIGILD expanded the

Visigothic Kingdom

His son RECCARED made the kingdom CHRISTIAN

King Recceswinth

unified the laws

However,

in 7th Century

Visigothic kingdom divided and internal fighting began

This weakened the Visigoth Kingdoms,

so....

In 711AD

The Islamic Empire invaded and conquered the Iberian Peninsula.

Text

The Visigothic kingdoms

disappeared.

San Pedro de la Nave, Campillo, Zamora

One of the most important

Visigothic Churchs

San Pedro de la Nave, Campillo, Zamora

The Byzantine Empire

395 - 1453AD

The Eastern Roman Empire

/ Byzantine Empire

Capital - Constantinople

Justinian and,

his wife,Theodora

527-565CE

The Byzantine Empire

Ruled the government, army and religious leaders together.

He invaded and conquered

ITALY,

IBERIAN PENINSULA

and NORTH AFRICAN COAST

JUSTINIAN

wanted to rebuild the Roman Empire

so...

Dominated the coast of Mediterraneean Sea

and

controlled trade between

East and West

Created gold coins

to make trading easier

Justinian recuperated and modernized Roman Laws

The Justinian Code

This document

was called

"INNOCENT UNTIL

PROVEN GUILTY"

Hagia Sophia

video???

Hagia Sofia

The most important church in the Byzantine Empire

Built in 5 years (532-537CE)

during Justinian reign

Why did the church change

into a mosque (mezquita) ?

What happened to the mosaics?

What changed when the Hagia Sofia

became a mosque, and why?

watch the video and

answer the questions

Fall of the Byzantine Empire

After Justinian death in 565CE

the Byzantine Empire began to lose territories

Difficult to defend and protect borders

6th Century

Lombards

conquered Italian Peninsula

7th Century

Lost southern

Iberian Peninsula

to the Visigoths

7th and 8th Century

Islamic Empire

began to conquer

territories

around the eastern coasts

of Mediterranean Sea

Urban society

people lived in big cities

Damascus

Alexandria

Such as...

Byzantine Society

Basileus

(head of government)

Patriarch of Constantinople

(head of church)

Artisans, merchants, soldiers

and

free peasants

Servants and slaves

Urban society - people live in big cities

Byzantine Society

Bought and sold in city markets

Religion changed

EAST -WEST SCHISM

East

CATHOLIC ORTHODOX CHURCH

they didn't recognize the POPE's authority

Patriarch of Constantinope

head of Orthodox Church

West

ROMAN CATHOLIC CHURCH

Leader - Pope

in 1054

Roman Catholic church divided

Culture and art changed

Greek Alphabet

Greek replaced Latin

Latin Alphabet

the OTTOMAN TURKS conquered CONSTANTINOPLE

ending the BYZANTINE EMPIRE

In 1453, almost 1000 years

after its beginning...