Unit 3
between Muslim World,
Byzantine Empire and Far East
new techniques were introduced
population grew
11th and 13th Century
appeared to manage
money in trade
Better tools and techniques = More food
Less famine = healthier population
More food = Less famine
Healthier population = Less deaths, more births
Population grew from 42 million to 73 million in 300 hundred years
Better tools = more production, less work
Roman plough
10th Century
Mouldboard/Heavy plough
- 12th Century
Which was more efficient??????
New methods from Muslim territories
= More food
= more people
Text
Better methods ...
Population increased ...
less manual work in agriculture ...
so
and
Joined
SPANISH and ITALIAN cities to
ISLAMIC and BYZANTINE ports
Joined
PORTUGUESE and CANTABRIAN
with
FLEMISH,
GERMAN and RUSSIAN ports
From the West to East
From the East to West
Made buying
and selling easier
Lent money with interest
exchanged different coins
with
different values
replaced money
and
Artisans
made and sold
their products
in workshops
where they lived
Ironsmith
Hatmaker
Shoemaker
Goldsmith
An association or group of artisans.
All artisans had to belong to a guild to practise a trade
made OBJECTS from
METAL WOOD CERAMIC
LEATHER COTTON
became important
because society changed from...
tools
weapons
furniture
bowls, cups
a self-sufficient society (rural)
a commercial society (urban)
clothes
shoes
to
1) AN APPRENTICE
Young teenaged boy learned the trade
Didn't earn wages
Lived and worked
in a Master Craftsman's
Workshop
next
2) JOURNEYMAN
Skilled artisan worked for master craftsmen
Recieved wages
Could move from workshop to workshop
Women often made clothes in workshops
Spinner, weavers
and carpenters
Let´s watch the video
and answer these questions...
What was a guild?
What benefits did craftsman have
when they belonged to a guild?
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnQlHeee9Dw&feature=share&list=PL924AC0143DD06D38&index=38
Cities were located
near the coast
an
important river
or
Genoa, Italy
Old cities expanded and
new cities started
Bruges, Low Countries
Each city received a
CHARTER or FUEROS
Self-government
with rights and privileges
(freedom from feudal lords)
Cities were the centre of
RELIGIOUS, POLITICAL and
ECONOMIC activity
Wealthy families
created a council
that controlled
the city hall
The city hall
defended the city
collected taxes
and maintained
of the city walls
King /
Pope
Clergy / Nobility
Rich artisans, merchants
and bankers
Merchants, craftsmen,
shopkeepers,
house servants and students
Peasants (no work) begged or stole
New classes that appeared during the 12th Century
Bourgeoisie
New social structure
Elite
Christians - majority
Muslims -usually craftsmen
only found in Iberian Peninsula
lived in separately outside
city walls.
Jews - usually merchants, bankers
lived in together in separate parts of cities called 'ghettoes'
In Spain lived in JUDERIAS
Tudela
Segovia
Pamplona
Walls the protected the city
Moat protected against invasions
Gate/door
closed at night
CITY HALL
COVERED MARKET
CATHEDRALS
Cathedral schools
controlled by the bishop
taught religion
Urban/municipal schools
educate weathly people living
in cities
taught reading, writing, maths ...
First universities
were built to teach
Liberal Arts, Medicine, Law
and Theology
Find the oldest universities in Europe
Explosion of public buildings
Cathedral, churches, market place
and city hall
Collected more taxes from cities
Created private armies
Less dependence on nobility
BOURGEOISIE became more important
than the NOBILIT Y
Supported the kings
Kings gave their cities CHARTERS
bad weather, lost crops
unfertile soil
famine
Peasants forced to fight in wars
rebelled
City dwellers forced to pay high taxes
rioted
1350-1400's
Black Plague
killed 1/3 of the population
What were the symptoms of the Black Plague?
Explain where it came from and why it killed so many people
How many people died?