The Age of Exploration
15th Century Europe
POPULATION
grew slowly
famine, wars
and
epidemics
cities grew and expanded
SOCIETY
PRIVILEGED
Nobility
and
clergy
landowners
merchants
craftspeople
poor people / beggars
slaves
NON-PRIVILEGED
Commoners
15th Century Europe
15th Century Europe
ECONOMY
Agriculture
cereals, olives, grapes
Livestock farming
sheep, cows, pigs
Guilds and Local Markets
Merchants traded
luxury items
Craftspeople
in
local markets
silk, porcelain, spices, perfumes
15th Century Europe
ECONOMY
Guilds and Local Markets
Merchants traded
luxury items
Craftspeople
in
local markets
silk, porcelain, spices, perfumes
Trade with Far East
The Silk Route
Italian merchants bought silk, porcelain and spices from CHINA and INDIA
and sold in local markets
Trade with Far East
In 1453
closed the trade routes from west to east
Technological development
Turks conquered Constantinople
end of the BYZANTINE EMPIRE
Merchants looked for new routes to Asia
many were inspired
by books about
MARCO POLO travels
and
helped with
new navigation tools...
Astrolabe
Hourglass
Quadrant
Compass
Navigational Instruments
Cartography
Portolan Charts
used to map
maritime routes
Improved Ship Design
Rudder was built in the back of ship easier to steer
Combined triangular and square sails
square sails faster
triangular sail change directions
New types of ships
Caraval - lighter and faster
Galleon - carry more cargo, and cannons
Improved Ship Design
Rudder was built in the back of ship easier to steer
Combined triangular and square sails
square sails faster
triangular sail change directions
New types of ships
Caraval - lighter and faster
Galleon - carry more cargo, and cannons
Portuguese expeditions
new trade routes to India to control the silk and spice trade
Prince Henry the Navigator (King John of Portugal son)
united cartographers, astronomers and shipbuilders
created maps that led to the first voyages around Africa
Portuguese expeditions
First voyages
1415 - conquered Ceuta
mid 15th Century - arrived to the Madiera Islands
and the Azores
stopped at these island to continue
exploring the African coast
Portuguese expeditions
First voyages
1482 Diego Cao - arrived at the mouth of the Congo River
1488 Bartolomeu Dias - arrived at the southern tip of the African continent - called Cape of Good Hope
Creating a route to the Indian Ocean
Portuguese expeditions
Arrival to India and Brazil
1497 - Vasco da Gama left Lisbon and arrived in India 10 months later
Controlled the Indian Ocean
1500 - Pedro Alvares Cabral
got lost, sailed too far from the African coast...
discovered Brazil/coast of South America
Portuguese expeditions
Arrival to India and Brazil
Created a Empire
controlling trade of luxury items from India
Created coastal trading posts
on the African coast
where ship could stop and get supplies
Castillian expeditions
1492 - Cristóbal Colón
- wanted to reach Asia by sailing west
August 12th 1492 -Reyes Católicos gave him money and ships
12th October 1492 sailed three ship across the Atlantic
arrived in Cuba and Santo Domingo
Castillian expeditions
1492 - Cristóbal Colón
thought he reached JAPAN
made three more voyages to the Caribbean Islands maps on page 135
Castillian expeditions
Américo Vespucio - an Italian navigator financed by the Crown of Spain
discovered the coast the South American and the mouth of the Amazon River
his observations convinced him that he had discovered a Mundus Novus - New World
later called - AMERICA
Castillian expeditions
1520/21 - Fernando de Magallanes
wanted to find a route
to the Moluccas Islands / Spice Islands
1520 - found a passage between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans
named Estrecho de Magallanes
Castillian expeditions
1520/21 - Fernando de Magallanes
continued travelling in Pacific Ocean
to the Philippines
he was killed by natives but...
Castillian expeditions
Juan Sebastián Elcano continued the voyage
arrived in the MOLUCCAS ISLANDS or SPICE ISLAND
continued sailing around Africa and arrived in Spain in 1522
Completed the first voyage around the world
1494 - Treaty of Tordesillas
Rivalry between Castillan and Portugues Crowns
Castillan Crown - received most of the two American continents
Portugues Crown - received Africa, Australia and the islands in the Indian Ocean