Feudal society


UNIT 2

New

Invasions

9th -10th Centuries

Western Europe

was invaded by

VIKINGS

MAGYARS

and SARACENS

               and...

Feudalism

This new wave of invasions caused insecurity and violence ...

created

a new form of society...

Small kingdoms

were created and

united by

     Religion

         Trade

           and Social structure

The main religion -Roman Christianity

in the East

Orthodox Cristianity

Overland trade routes made communication and trade better

Social structure -

nobility/clergy and peasants/serfs

Monarchies lost power

  •  Didn't control all their terrritory

Kingdoms divided

between king's children

so

smaller, weaker kingdoms

  • Didn't have large armies
  • Couldn't collect taxes
  • Depended on lords/nobility                  to provide soldiers

Beginning of new social, political and economic structure called FEUDALISM

FEUDAL TIES

KNIGHTS / SOLDIERS

(vassals to the lord)

FREE PEASANTS / SERFS

LORDS/NOBILITY

(vassals to the king/queen)

KING or QUEEN

provide military assistance

provide land / fief

provides land / fief

provide military assistance

work the land

protection / place to live

Important words

homage

 

swear/swore

          allegiance

vassal

 

loyalty

 

lords/nobles/baron

 

fief/manor

 

grant

Rendir homenaje

 

jurar lealtad

 

vasallo

 

lealtad

 

señor feudal

 

feudo/ grant of land

 

dar

Ceremony of homage

A vassal (noble) promised loyalty and military assistance

to the king

This video explains

FEUDALISM -  a new social and political system that started in the 9th and 10th Century in Western Europe

 

1. Explain the agreement/deal that the kings made with the                                          nobles/lords.

       a) What did the kings give the nobles

       b) What did the nobles give the king

 

2. Explain the order of society.  

 

3. What role did the peasants have?

 

4. Why was FEUDALISM a benefit for people during the Middle Ages?

 

5. Why were castles important

 

FEUDALISM

Watch the video and answer the questions

FIEF...

Text

the DEMESNE, PLOTS of land

and VILLAGES

King/lord/noble lived here

DEMESNE included the castle... 

Everything on the demesne belonged to the Lord.

The peasant paid to use the lord's land.

...and farmland, meadows and forest

Forest - hunting and wood

Farmland - to grow food

The serfs/peasants needed the Lord's permission to HUNT or get WOOD for fire

worked the land and gave the lord the products in exchange for living on the fief

Village - where the free peasants lived

Plots of land

peasants worked

Mill -

grind grains

to make

bread

Oven  - to cook food

Press - make wine and oil

Privileged Estates

Three Estates

NOBLES and

KNIGHTS

COMMONERS

serfs and

free peasants

CLERGY

monks/nuns

military power

defended the land

pray,

kept records

worked the land

traded, made crafts

SERFS

Serfs - Not free to leave the fief

                              Didn't recieve money for work

 

Received food and shelter for work

 

Born a serf,

died a serf

Free Peasants

 Free to make personal decisions

 

Owned small pieces of land called plots

 

Lived in villages

 

Paid taxes to the lord

to use

the MILL, PRESS  and OVEN

Peasants's and Serf's daily work

Main crops - cereal and vegetable

Kept animals

Serf's Agricultural work

Everyone in the family

worked all day long

Typical farming tools

Roman Plough

TWO YEAR ROTATION

No fertiliser to grow food.

GOOD because

the cultivated land more fertile

BAD because

only used half the land

cultivated less food

fallow

Lived in small villages

Houses made of wood and mud

had small vegetable gardens

 Shared the house with the animals

Peasants' Villages

Self-sufficient:

Cultivated their own food

 Made their own clothes

 Furniture and houses

Outside the villages

Had vineyards,

olives and grain

In the forest -

collected wood, fruit and

hunted

The Nobility

Lower Nobility

Upper Nobility

owned large estates(fiefs)

had titles:

DUKE, COUNT, MARQUIS

Knights -

came from rich families

owned horse and weapons

 

Provided protection for

the King

or other

richer nobles

 

Responsible to

defend

the population

Knights 

A 7 year old boy

      from weathly family

went to live with a knight

as his servant and student

PAGE

How to become a knight

Learned to read, sing, fight and play chess

SQUIRE

When he showed that he had learnt everything...

A 15 year old boy

trained with the knight

and helped him.

 KNIGHTS

...the SQUIRE became a knight in a special ceremony.

When the king didn't need military help

the knights practised in tournaments

MEDIEVAL KNIGHTS

What were the steps to become

      a knight?

 

Name some of the responsibilities that a squire had?

 

What was CHIVALRY?

 

Name some of the WEAPONS and ARMOUR?

 

What did knights do in TOURNAMENTS?

Watch the video and answer these questions

NOBLE WOMEN

Arranged marriages

 

Better educated than men

 

Took care of house & children

 

Made clothes

 

Unmarried women

went to convents

Recieved higher level

of education

CLERGY

Baptism

Marriage

Last Rites

when and where a child was born, his/her name and parents' names

who was married and

who  were their children

when a person died, where they were buried

Monks, priests, nuns performed religious functions

and produced important records/archives

about the population. For example...

Lived in monasteries

Isolated from other people

CLERGY

Had political power, economic power

and cultural power

Political Power

Catholic Church

Only church in Western Europe/Christiandom

Could EXCOMMUNICATE the King

King lost all his vassals and became unprotected and weak.

The POPE was the head of the Catholic Church

Economic Power

Recieved money and land

Peasants gave some of their harvest (a tithe)

to the Church 

Had serfs to do all manual work

Copied and translated  ancient written works

Culture

Created manuscripts and copied artwork

in the scriptorium

Spread of Christianity

in the 11th-13th century

CURSADES

Military expeditions to recover JERUSALEM from the Muslims

TEMPLARES

Military orders

of monks and knights

  that fought against

    the Muslims

Life in a Castle

CLERGY

KIngs did not have

a permanent residence

 

Monarchies travelled with

the COURT - family, soldiers and

palace officials

 

The CURIA were

church and palace officials,

lawyers, nobles and soldiers

 

The CURIA

helped the kings rule

 

 

Kingdoms ...

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