This area of philosophy have people with two different ideologies and concept :

1. Property Realists

2. Nominalists

What are they?

What is Property Realism?

Property Realism

It is appealing to the universals to explain the nature of property and relations

Views among Property realists

• Platonic view
• Aristotelian view
• Russellian view

Platonic View

Universals are transcendent. That is they exist outside time and space.

Platonic realism holds that universals are abstract object that cannot be changed.

Aristotelian View

Universals are immanent.  That is they do not exist outside time and space.

In Aristotle's view, universals exist only where they are instantiated; they exist only in things (in Latin, it is said they exist in re, which means "in things"), never apart from things.

Russellian View

This view of Bertrand Russell was also known an the Bundle theory of Russell.

The Bundle Theory says that particulars can be "reduced" to universals. Ultimately all that exists is universals; when we talk about particulars, we are really talking about universals bundled together.

Views among the Nominalists

• Predicate Nominalism
• Class Nominalism
• Resemblance Nominalism
• Tropes Nominalism

Predicate Nominalism

According to Predicate Nominalism, 

                                                                for "x to be F" is equivalent to 'F' being applied to x or being true for x.

Crude form of nominalism.

Arguments in against

1. It denies the existence of the properties that are yet to be discovered or explained.

2. They say x's being F which is like x applies to F but it should be F applies to x.

3. Problem of instantiation

Class Nominalism

According to Class Nominalism, 

                                           for "x to be F" is equivalent to x belonging to the class of 'F' s.

Improvement over Predicate nominalism

Arguments in against

1. They say x's being F which is like x applies to F but it should be F applies to x.

2. Problem of Nullity

3. Problem of Instantiation

Resemblance Nominalism

According to Resemblance Nominalism, 

                                                              for "x to be F" is equivalent to x being the member to the class of 'F' s resembling each other.

Improvement over Class nominalism

Arguments in against

1. Problem of Nullity

2. Problem of instantiation

Trope Nominalism

According to Trope Nominalism, 

                                                              properties and relation are abstract particulars, not universals.

eg: object becomes particular due to the collection of various abstract particulars which makes them unique.

This way Trope Nominalism escapes many arguments against other traditional nominalisms