Test Driven Development

My activities

TDD

  • Navigation map

  • Test first

  • Assert first

  • Fail first

Navigation Map

  • Decomposition of the task
  • Less technical details
  • Clear and ready to share with ​other teams members
  • Can be changed during development

Test First

// calculator.spec.ts

test('should summarize two numbers', 
    (t: ExecutionContext) => {

    }
);

Assert First

// calculator.spec.ts

test('should summarize two numbers', 
    (t: ExecutionContext) => {
        t.is(sum(1, 2), 3);
    }
);

Fail First

➜  ava-ts git:(master) ✗ npm test

> ava-ts@1.0.0 test /Users/andrii_kucherenko/Workspace/lab/tdd-training/ava-ts
> ava



  1 uncaught exception

  Uncaught exception in __tests__/caclulator.spec.ts

  __tests__/caclulator.spec.ts(4,8): error TS2304: Cannot find name 'sum'.

npm ERR! Test failed.  See above for more details.

Fail First

➜  ava-ts git:(master) ✗ npm test

> ava-ts@1.0.0 test /Users/andrii_kucherenko/Workspace/lab/tdd-training/ava-ts
> ava



  1 uncaught exception

  Uncaught exception in __tests__/caclulator.spec.ts

  __tests__/caclulator.spec.ts(5,20): error TS2345: Argument of type '3' is not assignable to parameter of type 'void'.

Fail First

➜  ava-ts git:(master) ✗ npm test

> ava-ts@1.0.0 test /Users/andrii_kucherenko/Workspace/lab/tdd-training/ava-ts
> ava



  1 test failed

  should summarize two numbers

  /Users/andrii_kucherenko/Workspace/lab/tdd-training/ava-ts/__tests__/caclulator.spec.ts:5

   4: test('should summarize two numbers', (t: ExecutionContext) => {
   5:   t.is(sum(1, 2,), 3);
   6: });

  Difference:

  - 0
  + 3

npm ERR! Test failed.  See above for more details.

TDD can:

  • Reduce the costs
  • Improve performance of development
  • Help to change the project
  • Reduce technical debt

Benefits

  • Bridge from task to implementation

  • Improved code

  • Tests as documentation

  • Safe refactoring

  • No extra code

  • Increases assurance of correctness

Emergent Design

Tools

coverage-blamer

Enzyme

import org.junit.jupiter.api.DisplayName;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;

@DisplayName("A special test case")
class DisplayNameDemo {

    @Test
    void addition() {
        assertEquals(2, calculator.add(1, 1));
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("Custom test name containing spaces")
    void testWithDisplayNameContainingSpaces() {
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("╯°□°）╯")
    void testWithDisplayNameContainingSpecialCharacters() {
    }

    @Test
    @DisplayName("😱")
    void testWithDisplayNameContainingEmoji() {
    }

}

XUnit

RSpec.describe "Using an array as a stack" do
  def build_stack
    []
  end
  before(:example) do
    @stack = build_stack
  end
  it 'is initially empty' do
    expect(@stack).to be_empty
  end
  context "after an item has been pushed" do
    before(:example) do
      @stack.push :item
    end
    it 'allows the pushed item to be popped' do
      expect(@stack.pop).to eq(:item)
    end
  end
end

RSpec

https://sinonjs.org/

Standalone test spies, stubs and mocks for JavaScript. 
Works with any unit testing framework.

describe("PubSub", () => {
    it("should call subscribers on publish", () => {
        const callback = sinon.spy();

        PubSub.subscribe("message", callback);
        PubSub.publishSync("message");

        assertTrue(callback.called);
    });
});

spy

describe("stubbed callback", () => {
    it("should behave differently based on arguments", () => {
        const callback = sinon.stub();
        callback.withArgs(42).returns(1);
        callback.withArgs(1).throws("name");

        assert.isUndefined(callback()); // No return value, no exception
        assert.equals(callback(42), 1); // Returns 1
        assert.exception(() => {
            callback(1);
        }); // Throws Error("name")
    });
});

stub

"test should call all subscribers when exceptions":  () => {
    const myAPI = { method: () => {} };

    const mock = sinon.mock(myAPI);
  
    mock.expects("method").once().throws();

    PubSub.subscribe("message", myAPI.method);
    
    PubSub.publishSync("message", undefined);
    
    mock.verify();
}

mock

Mutation testing (or mutation analysis or program mutation) is used to design new software tests and evaluate the quality of existing software tests. Mutation testing involves modifying a program in small ways.[1] Each mutated version is called a mutant and tests detect and reject mutants by causing the behavior of the original version to differ from the mutant. This is called killingthe mutant. Test suites are measured by the percentage of mutants that they kill. New tests can be designed to kill additional mutants. Mutants are based on well-defined mutation operators that either mimic typical programming errors (such as using the wrong operator or variable name) or force the creation of valuable tests (such as dividing each expression by zero). The purpose is to help the tester develop effective tests or locate weaknesses in the test data used for the program or in sections of the code that are seldom or never accessed during execution. Mutation testing is a form of white-box testing.

and TypeScript

export class CountService {
  sum(a, b) {
    return a + b;
  }

  divide(a, b) {
    return a / b;
  }

  modulo(a, b) {
    return a % b;
  }
}


describe('Count Service', () => {
  let sut;

  beforeEach(() => {
    sut = new CountService();
  })

  it('should sum numbers', () => {
    expect(sut.sum(2, 2)).toEqual(4);
  });

  it('should get divided numbers', () => {
    expect(sut.divide(2, 1)).toEqual(2);
  })

});


Anti-patterns

Coverage First

TDD Terror

The Liar

Excessive Setup

Giant

The Mockery

The Inspector

Generous Leftovers

The Local Hero

The Nitpicker

The Secret Catcher

The Dodger

The Loudmouth

The Greedy Catcher

The Sequencer

Hidden Dependency

The Enumerator

The Stranger

The Operating System Evangelist

Success Against All Odds

The Free Ride

The One

The Peeping Tom

The Slow Poke

Test Driven Development

By Andrey Kucherenko

Test Driven Development

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