CSS Grid layout

grid layout

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-12">
      <h1>My Grid Layout!</h1>
    </div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-8"></div>
    <div class="col-4"></div>
  </div>
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-4"></div>
    <div class="col-4"></div>
    <div class="col-4"></div>
  </div>
</div>

"CSS Grid is the layout framework. Baked right into the browser."

– Jen Simmons

grid layout

<div class="container">
  <h1>My Grid!</h1>

  <div class="col"></div>
  <div class="col"></div>

  <div class="col"></div>
  <div class="col"></div>
  <div class="col"></div>
</div>

Grid Container

Grid Items

Establish grid

grid layout

.main-content {
  display: grid;
}
<div class="main-content">
  <div class="card">...</div>
  <div class="card">...</div>
  <div class="card">...</div>             
</div>

Grid lines

grid layout

Grid areas

grid layout

grid layout

Grid areas

grid layout

Column tracks

grid layout

Row tracks

grid-template-columns

grid-template-rows 

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 200px 200px;
}
<div class="main-content">
  <div class="card">...</div>
  <div class="card">...</div>
  <div class="card">...</div>             
</div>

grid layout

Column tracks

Grid layout

Column tracks

Grid layout

Column tracks

fr represents a fraction of the free space in the grid container. 

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 200px 1fr 200px;
}

fr unit

grid layout

fr unit

grid layout

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
}

fr unit

grid layout

fr unit

grid layout

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 2fr 1fr;
}

fr unit

grid layout

fr unit

grid layout

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;

  grid-template-rows: 100px;
}

grid layout

Set row tracks

Set row tracks

grid layout

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;

  grid-template-rows: 100px 300px;
}

grid layout

Set row tracks

Set row tracks

grid layout

What about gutters?

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;

  grid-row-gap: 15px;  
  grid-column-gap: 10px;
}

grid layout

Applying gutters

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;

  grid-gap: 15px 10px;
}

grid layout

Applying gutters

grid layout

Applying gutters

repeat() notation 

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr 1fr;
  grid-gap: 15px 10px;
}

grid layout

repeat() notation 

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
  grid-gap: 15px 10px;
}

grid layout

repeat() notation 

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(5, 1fr 2fr);
  grid-gap: 15px 10px;
}

grid layout

repeat() notation

minmax(min, max) 

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(200px, 300px) 1fr 1fr;
}

grid layout

minmax() notation 

.main-content {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: minmax(200px, 1fr) 1fr 1fr;
}

grid layout

minmax() notation 

.main-content {
  width: 95%;
  max-width: 1000px;
  
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(3, minmax(200px, 1fr));
}

grid layout

grid layout

auto-fit tracks 

.main-content {
  width: 95%;
  max-width: 1000px;

  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
}

grid layout

auto-fit

grid layout

auto-fit

Named Grid Areas

header {
  grid-area: head;
}
main {
  grid-area: main;
}
aside {
  grid-area: side;
}
footer {
  grid-area: foot;
}
<div class="wrapper">
  <header>header</header>
  <main>content</main>
  <aside>sidebar</aside>
  <footer>footer</footer>
</div>

Named grid areas

grid layout

header {
  grid-area: 🍻;
}
main {
  grid-area: 🍔;
}
aside {
  grid-area: 🍟;
}
footer {
  grid-area: 💩;
}
<div class="wrapper">
  <header>header</header>
  <main>content</main>
  <aside>sidebar</aside>
  <footer>footer</footer>
</div>

Named grid areas

grid layout

.wrapper {
  display: grid;
  grid-gap: 10px;
  grid-template-rows: auto 300px;
  grid-template-columns: 3fr 1fr;
  
  grid-template-areas:
    '🍻 🍻'
    '🍔 🍟'
    '💩 💩';
}

Named grid areas

grid layout

grid layout

Named grid areas

grid layout

Named grid areas

grid layout

Named grid areas

.container {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas:
    'A  B  C  E'
    'A  D  D  E';
}

Named grid areas

grid layout

img:nth-child(1) {
 grid-area: A;
}
img:nth-child(2) {
 grid-area: B;
}
img:nth-child(3) {
 grid-area: C;
}
img:nth-child(4) {
 grid-area: D;
}
img:nth-child(5) {
 grid-area: E;
}

Does CSS Grid Replace Flexbox?

Grid Layout

Browser support

Firefox Grid Inspector Tool

v52+

Learn All Things CSS Grid

@rachelandrew

@jensimmons

Compositing & Blending

Compositing

The combining of a graphic element with its backdrop

Blending

Calculates the mixing of colors wherever an element and a backdrop overlap

background-blend-mode

mix-blend-mode

Blending

header {

  background: linear-gradient(#009fe1, #3acec2),
              url('bg.jpg') no-repeat;

  background-blend-mode: multiply;
}

background-blend-mode

mix-blend-mode

Blending

.img-mix {
  width: 650px;
  mix-blend-mode: lighten;
}

mix-blend-mode

.img-featured img {
  width: 100%;
  height: 100%;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}

.img-featured { 
  ... 
  background-color: #f8f295;
}
                
                
<div class="img-featured">  
  <img src="featured.jpg" alt="VR">
</div>

mix-blend-mode

Blending

svg image {
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
}

svg { 
  ... 
  background-color: #f8f295;
}

<svg viewBox="0 0 600 600">
  <image xlink:href="featured.jpg" width="600" height="600">
<svg>

mix-blend-mode

Blending

Browser support

Blending

backdrop-filter

(Filter Effects Level 2)

blur()
brightness()
contrast()
drop-shadow()
grayscale()

hue-rotate()
invert()
opacity()
sepia()
saturate()

Backdrop Filter

.filter {
  ...
  backdrop-filter: invert(100%) blur(2px);
}

header {
  background-image: url(...);
}

Backdrop filter

Backdrop filter

Backdrop filter

Browser support

Backdrop filter

CSS shapes

Use geometric shapes as CSS values and flow text around those shapes

CSS Shapes

.img-shape {
  width: 190px;
  border-radius: 50%;

  float: left;
  shape-outside: circle();
}

shape-outside

CSS Shapes

.img-shape {
  border-radius: 50%;
  float: left;

  shape-outside: circle();
}

shape-outside

CSS Shapes

.img-shape {
  border-radius: 50%;
  float: left;

  shape-outside: border-box;
}

shape-outside

CSS Shapes

.img-shape {
  border-radius: 50%;
  float: left;
  shape-outside: border-box;

  shape-margin: 20px;
}

shape-margin

polygon()

CSS Shapes

.triangle {
  width: 200px;
  height: 600px;
  float: left;

  shape-outside: polygon(0 0, 0 200px, 300px 600px);
}

shape-outside

CSS Shapes

shape-outside

CSS Shapes

shape-outside

CSS Shapes Editor

CSS SHAPES

Browser support

CSS Clip Paths

Partially (or fully) hide portions of an HTML element

Clip Paths

.img-moon {
  float: left;
  clip-path: circle(115px at 50% 50.3%);
}

Clip Paths

Clip Paths

.img-moon {
  float: left;
  clip-path: circle(115px at 50% 50.3%);

  shape-outside: circle(115px at 50% 50.3%);
  shape-margin: 25px;
}

Clip Paths

Clip Paths

<svg width="0" height="0">
  <clipPath id="clipPolygon">
    <polygon points="..."></polygon>
  </clipPath>
</svg>
h1 {
  ...
  clip-path: url('#clipPolygon');
}

SVG clip-path

Clip Paths

header {
  ...
  clip-path: polygon(0 0, 100% 0, 100% 89%, 0% 100%);
}

Clip Paths

Browser support

Clip Paths

Color Values

8 Digit  Hex Notation

#RRGGBBAA

Transparent Color Value

#2D5A7400

Opaque Color Value

#2D5A74FF

Hex Notation

.icon {
  /* 50% alpha */
  color: #278DA480;
}

#RRGGBBAA

Hex Notation

.icon {
  /* 80% alpha */
  color: #278DA4CC;
}

#RRGGBBAA

Hex Notation

.icon {
  /* 20% alpha */
  color: #278DA433;
}

#RRGGBBAA

Hex Notation

.icon {
  color: #0022AA88;
}

4 digit shorthand

Hex Notation

.icon {
  color: #02A8;
}

4 digit shorthand

Hex Notation

Browser support

color-mod()

Modifying Colors

.box {
  background-color: color-mod(
                      #278da4 /* modified color */
                      hue(+ 5deg) 
                      lightness(+ 15%) 
                      alpha(75%) 
                    );  
}

color-mod

a:hover {
  color: color-mod( #278da4 lightness(+ 20%) );
}

Modifying Colors 

a:hover {
  color: color-mod( #278da4 lightness(- 5%) );
}

Modifying Colors 

.box {
  background-color: color-mod(
                      #278da4 
                      hue(+ 5deg) 
                      lightness(+ 15%) 
                      alpha(75%)
                    );
}

Modifying Colors 

:root {
  --base: crimson;
  --base-dark: color-mod(var(--base) lightness(- 30%));
  --base-light: color-mod(var(--base) lightness(+ 25%));

  --complement: color-mod(var(--base) hue(+ 180deg));
  --complement-light: color-mod(var(--complement) lightness(+ 10%));
}

Modifying Colors

--base: cornflowerblue;

--base: hotpink;

--base: crimson;

Selectors

Level 4

Functional Pseudo-class

:matches

Selectors Level 4

:matches(.card, .modal, form) .btn {
  font-size: 1.25em;
}

/*
.card .btn,
.modal .btn,
form .btn { ... }
*/

:matches

Selectors Level 4

a:matches(:hover, :focus, :active, :visited) {
  color: tomato;
}

/*
a:hover,
a:focus,
a:active
a:visited {...}
*/

:matches

No pseudo-elements and the combinators +, > and ~

Selectors Level 4

:matches(img, p, form) + p {
  margin-top: 0;
}

/*
img + p,
p + p,
form + p {...}
*/

:matches

:matches

Selectors Level 4

Optionality Pseudo-classes

:required  | :optional

Validity Pseudo-classes

:valid | :invalid 

.email:valid {
  border-color: forestgreen;
}

.email:invalid {
  border-color: firebrick;
}

<input class="email" type="email" required>

:valid | :invalid

Selectors Level 4

.email:valid {
  border-color: forestgreen;
}

.email:valid + .icn::before {
  content: '😃';
}

<input class="email" type="email" required>       
<span class="icn"></span>

:valid | :invalid

Selectors Level 4

:valid | :invalid

Selectors Level 4

.email:focus:invalid {
  border-color: firebrick;
}
.email:focus + .icn::before {
  content: '😳';
}

.email:valid {
  border-color: forestgreen;
}
.email:valid + .icn::before {
  content: '😃';
}

:valid | :invalid

Selectors Level 4

:valid | :invalid

Selectors Level 4

:optional | :required

Selectors Level 4

:valid | :invalid

Selectors Level 4

Feature Queries

@supports = Native Feature Detection

Feature Queries

.main-content {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}
.card {
  flex: 1 280px;
  margin: 10px;
}

@supports (display: grid) { /* 🔥 Grid Layout 🔥 */
  .main-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fit, minmax(280px, 1fr));
    grid-gap: 20px;
  }
  .card {
    margin: 0;
  }
}

@supports

Feature Queries

@supports (writing-mode: vertical-rl) and (display:grid) {

  main {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 100px 1fr;
    grid-column-gap: 15px; 
  }

  h1 {
    justify-self: start;
    writing-mode: vertical-rl;
  }
}

@supports

Feature Queries

@supports

Browser support

Feature Queries

stuff

Thank you!👋

Guil Hernandez

@guilh

Get Ready for the Future of CSS

By guilh

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Get Ready for the Future of CSS

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