ECMAScript 6

the very basics

Agenda

  • JavaScript: how? why? when?
  • From ECMAScript 1 to 6
  • New features of ECMAScript 6
  • Bibliography

JavaScript: how? why? when?

story time!

Brendan Eich

Mocha       LiveScript       JavaScript

Mocha / LiveScript / JavaScript

Netscape Navigator 2.0

Internet Explorer 3.0

JScript

?

?

JavaScript / ECMAScript

ECMAScript was always an unwanted trade name

that sounds like a skin disease.

Brendan Eich

ECMAScript History

New features of ECMAScript 6

let + const


function getValue(condition) {

    if (condition) {
        let value = "blue";

        // other code

        return value;
    } else {

        // value doesn't exist here

        return null;
    }

    // value doesn't exist here
}

let + const


if (condition) {
    const MAX_ITEMS = 5;

    // more code
}

// MAX_ITEMS isn't accessible here

const MAX_ITEMS = 6;

MAX_ITEMS = 7; // throws errors

Arrow functions



(arguments) => {result};

syntax

Arrow functions


var doNothing = function() {};

// effectively equivalent to:

var doNothing = () => {};

var getTempItem = function(id) {

    return {
        id: id,
        name: "Temp"
    };
};

// effectively equivalent to:

var getTempItem = id => ({ id: id, name: "Temp" });

Arrow functions


var PageHandler = {
    init: function() {
        document.addEventListener("click", (function(event) {
            this.doSomething(event.type);     // no error
        }).bind(this), false);
    },
    doSomething: function() {}
};

var PageHandler = {
    init: function() {
        document.addEventListener("click",
                event => this.doSomething(event.type), false);
    },
    doSomething: function() {}
};

Default parameters


function makeRequest(url, timeout, callback) {

    timeout = timeout || 2000;
    callback = callback || function() {};

    // the rest of the function

}

function makeRequest(url, timeout = 2000, callback = function() {}) {

    // the rest of the function

}

Rest parameters

function sum(first) {
    let result = first,
        i = 1,
        len = arguments.length;

    while (i < len) {
        result += arguments[i];
        i++;
    }

    return result;
}
function sum(first, ...numbers) {
    let result = first,
        i = 0,
        len = numbers.length;

    while (i < len) {
        result += numbers[i];
        i++;
    }

    return result;
}

Shorthand initializer

function createPerson(name, age) {
    return {
        name: name,
        age: age
    };
}
function createPerson(name, age) {
    return {
        name,
        age
    };
}
function createPerson(name, age) {
    return {
        firstName: name,
        age
    };
}

Shorthand initializer

var person = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    sayName: function() {
        console.log(this.name);
    }
};
var person = {
    name: "Nicholas",
    sayName() {
        console.log(this.name);
    }
};

Shorthand initializer

var field = "last name";
var person = {
    "first name": "Bilbo",
};

person[field] = "Baggins";

var lastName = "last name";

var person = {
    "first name": "Nicholas",
    [lastName]: "Zakas"
};

console.log(person["first name"]);      // "Nicholas"
console.log(person[lastName]);          // "Zakas"

Object.assign()

var receiver = {};

Object.assign(receiver, {
        type: "js",
        name: "file.js"
    }, {
        type: "css"
    }
);

console.log(receiver.type);     // "css"
console.log(receiver.name);     // "file.js"

Object.is()

console.log(+0 == -0); 
// true
console.log(+0 === -0);
// true
console.log(Object.is(+0, -0));   // false
console.log(NaN == NaN);
// false
console.log(NaN === NaN);
// false
console.log(Object.is(NaN, NaN)); // true
console.log(5 == 5);
// true
console.log(5 == "5");
// true
console.log(5 === 5);
// true
console.log(5 === "5");
// false
console.log(Object.is(5, 5));     // true
console.log(Object.is(5, "5"));   // false
console.log(Object.is({}, {}));   // false
console.log(Object.is([], []));   // false

Classes


var lion = new Animal("Lion");
lion.doSomething();
var Animal = (function () {

    function Animal(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }

    // Methods
    Animal.prototype.doSomething = function () {
        console.log("I'm a " + this.name);
    };

    return Animal;

})();

Classes


var lion = new Animal("Lion");
lion.doSomething();
class Animal {
    constructor(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    doSomething() {
        console.log("I'm a " + this.name);
    }
}

Classes

class Animal {
    constructor(name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
 
    doSomething() {
        console.log("I'm a " + this.name);
    }
}

var lion = new Animal("Lion");
lion.doSomething();

Animal.prototype.sayHello = function() {
  console.log("Hello, " + this.name);
}

lion.sayHello(); // ???

Classes


var lion = new Animal("Lion");
lion.doSomething();

class Insect extends Animal {

  set legs(v) {
    this.legsCount = v; 
  }
  
  insectThing() {
    console.log("Deal with legs count: " + this.legsCount); 
    super.doSomething();
  }
  
}

let bug = new Insect("Bug");
bug.doSomething();
bug.legs = 100;
bug.insectThing();

Modules

var double = function(x) { return x + x; }
var sum = function(x, y) { return x + y; }
var modulo = function(x, y) { return x%y; }

export { double, sum as summary };

advmath.js

import { double } from 'advmath';
double(2); // 4

import-me.js

import 'advmath' as advmath;
advmath.double(2); // 4
advmath.summary(2); // 4

import-me.js

Modules

export default function User(age) {
  this.age = age;
}

user.js

import User from 'user';

var Bilbo = new User(51);

export default User;

import-me.js

...and so on!

  • Iterators

  • Generators

  • Symbols

  • For... of...

  • ...

Sandbox...

www.es6fiddle.net

6to5 vel. BabelJS

How to use BabelJS

$ npm install --global babel
$ babel script.js

ECMAScript 6

script.js

ECMAScript 5

script.js

BabelJS

  • Abstract references
  • Array comprehensions
  • Arrow functions
  • Async functions
  • Async generator functions
  • Classes
  • Computed property names
  • Constants
  • Default parameters
  • Destructuring
  • Exponentiation operator
  • For-of
  • Generators
  • Generator comprehensions
  • Let scoping
  • Modules
  • Object rest/spread
  • Property method assignment
  • Property name shorthand
  • Rest parameters
  • React
  • Spread
  • Tail call optimisation
  • Template literals
  • Type annotations
  • Unicode regex

Supported features

Object.observe()

var obj = {
  foo: 0,
  bar: 1
};

Object.observe(obj, function(changes) {
  console.log('changed!', changes);
});

obj.foo = "Change #1";

setTimeout(() => { obj.foo = "Change #2" }, 1000);

Async / await

getValues().then(function(values) {
    console.log(values);
});
return getValues().then(function(values) {
        return values.reduce(function(previousOperation, value) {
            return previousOperation.then(function(newV) {
                return asyncOperation(value).then(function(newV) {
                    console.log(newV);
                    newValues.push(newV);
                    return newValues;
                });
            });
        }, Promise.resolve([]));
    }).catch(function(err) {
        console.log('We had an ', err);
    });

Async / await

async function caller(){
	try{
		var message = await getPromise(2);
		console.log(message);
		return message;
	}
	catch(err){
		console.log(err.message); //rejected
	}
}

Bibliography

Understanding ECMAScript 6

Nicholas C. Zakas

 

www.leanpub.com/understandinges6

Bibliography

ES6 Rocks

www.es6rocks.com

Bibliography

reddit - /r/javascript

www.reddit.com/r/javascript

Follow the white rabbit

Brendan Eich

@BrendanEich

Nicholas Zakas

@slicknet

Eric Elliott

@_ericelliott

Damian Wielgosik

@varjs

The End

Thanks for watching!

Robert Duraj

rduraj@davinci-studio.eu

@RobertDuraj

ECMAScript 6

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