How to Electrocute yourself using

the Internet

Alex Roche

@alexHacked

Tom Scott being Electrocuted as part of a PayPal charity hack. (http://www.youtube.com/embed/j_74elSiI7E)

Matt, of SI Digital, being shocked.

What I'm going to be talking about

Internet of Things

Arduino

Johnny Five

BreakoutJS

Xively

Cloud Based Service

Users send JSON, XML or CSV to a RESTful API

Amalgamates data from around the world and stores it

Data is also accessible through AJAX requests

What can you use the internet of things for?

Monitoring an Environment

Moderating the temperature in your house

Making sure you're not being broken in to

Reacting to data from an Environment

Printing out the news every morning

Flashing a light when someone enters a room ...

... on the other side of the world

Berg's Little Printer

Philips Hue Lights

Make The Cosm

Pulls from Xively based on a user defined search term

Data is updated in real time

User can use the data provided to trigger sounds

Strava

Gathers data about your surrounding area

Transfers this data to a server which aggregates

Server reacts to the data you post

Arduino

What is an Arduino?

Open Source

Microcontroller board with addressable GPIO pins

Various form factors depending on need

Communicates with electronics using GPIO pins

Guh-Pee-Oh What?

General Purpose Input and Output

Can be used to receive and transmit current to electronic components

Can also be used to pass messages to serial input

Are how the Microcontroller talks to the outside world

Pins on the Arduino

Normal pins which can be set high or low

Analogue and PWM Pins

Analogue pins which can read values between 0 and 1023

PWM Pins can be set to values between 0 and 255

warning

Windows Users

You will have to bypass windows security to install drivers for the Arduino.

Drivers are unsigned by Arduino

As such, you will need to disable Driver Signature Checking

S.H.I.E.L.D.S.

Not a comic law enforcement agency (in this case)

Add on to an Arduino which extends functionality

Can be stacked, but some care does need to be taken

S.H.I.E.L.D. Requirements

Plugs to the non-GPIO pins need to reach all shields.

Each shield will have outputs which need to be left unconnected to.

Outputs to the Arduino need to be unique.

Programming an Arduino

Breaks down in to two main types

Code that is compiled to C / C++ and uploaded to the microcontroller

Code that communicates with the board and issues commands

Breakout JS; What?

Javascript based framework

Can be ran in a web page

Needs Arduino to be connected to a computer

Needs a server to run on your computer

Resulting web page can be connected to from any device on the local network

Breakout JS; How?

Install the Firmata firmware

Open the file located in the Breakout zip in the firmware folder

Upload it to the board using any compatible IDE

Breakout JS; Installing the Server

Depends on which server you want to install; Java or Node

Using the Java Server

Unzip the folder relevant to your Operating System

MacOS, Linux, Windows x32 & x64

Run the resulting Executable

Using the Node Server

Install NodeJS

Navigate to the node_server folder in command line

Run “npm install” to install all dependencies

“node server.js” starts the server

What the API looks like

Classes for most things you would connect to an Arduino

Mixed in amongst normal Javascript and HTML

BO and JSUTILS namespacing

BO.I2CBase, BO.IOBoard, BO.IOBoardEvent, BO.PhysicalInputBase, BO.Pin, BO.PinEvent, BO.WSocketEvent, BO.WSocketWrapper, BO.custom.ID12RFIDReader, BO.custom.RFIDEvent, BO.filters.Convolution, BO.filters.FilterBase, BO.filters.Scaler, BO.filters.TriggerPoint, BO.generators.GeneratorBase, BO.generators.GeneratorEvent, BO.generators.Oscillator, BO.io.AccelerometerADXL345, BO.io.AccelerometerEvent, BO.io.AnalogAccelerometer, BO.io.BiColorLED, BO.io.BlinkM, BO.io.Button, BO.io.ButtonEvent, BO.io.CompassEvent, BO.io.CompassHMC6352, BO.io.DCMotor, BO.io.GyroEvent, BO.io.GyroITG3200, BO.io.LED, BO.io.MagnetometerEvent, BO.io.MagnetometerHMC5883, BO.io.PotEvent, BO.io.Potentiometer, BO.io.RGBLED, BO.io.Servo, BO.io.SoftPot, BO.io.SoftPotEvent, BO.io.Stepper, JSUTILS.Event, JSUTILS.EventDispatcher, JSUTILS.SignalScope, JSUTILS.Timer, JSUTILS.TimerEvent

Hello World Example

 var IOBoard = BO.IOBoard;
var IOBoardEvent = BO.IOBoardEvent;
var LED = BO.io.LED;
var Button = BO.io.Button;
var ButtonEvent = BO.io.ButtonEvent;
var host = window.location.hostname;
// if the file is opened locally, set the host to "localhost"
if (window.location.protocol.indexOf("file:") === 0) {
  host = "localhost";
}
var arduino = new IOBoard(host, 8887);
  arduino.addEventListener(IOBoardEvent.READY, onReady);

    function onReady(event) {
        // Remove the event listener because it is no longer needed
        arduino.removeEventListener(IOBoardEvent.READY, onReady);
        var led = new LED(arduino, arduino.getDigitalPin(11));
        button = new Button(arduino, arduino.getDigitalPin(2));        
        button.addEventListener(ButtonEvent.PRESS, onPress);
        button.addEventListener(ButtonEvent.RELEASE, onRelease);
        $('#btnLeft').on('click', turnLedOff);
        $('#btnRight').on('click', turnLedOn);      
    }
 

Hello World Example

function turnLedOn(evt) {
    // Turn the LED on
    led.on();
}

function turnLedOff(evt) {
    // Turn the LED off
    led.off();  
}

function onPress(evt) {
  // get a reference to the button object that fired the event
  var btn = evt.target;
  $('#state').html("Button " + btn.pinNumber + " state: Pressed");
}

function onRelease(evt) {
  // get a reference to the button object that fired the event
  var btn = evt.target;
  $('#state').html("Button " + btn.pinNumber + " state: Released");
}

Connecting to the Internet with BreakoutJS

BreakoutJS runs in a web page

Treat it like any other Javascript Library

XMLHttpRequest() is something you can use

Or jQuery.ajax() if you prefer!

No extra shields needed to extend functionality

What would you use BreakoutJS for?

Large scale hacks which need monitoring

Systems which you can adjust over an internal network

Setting the colour of lights using a colour picker

Monitoring the heating and adjusting a thermostat

Deciding which person to administer an electrical shock to

Johnny Five

Johnny Five; What?

NodeJS based framework

Needs the Arduino connected to the computer running Johnny Five

Johnny Five; How?

Upload the "StandardFirmata" Arduino example to your Arduino

Install NodeJS

Pick a directory

 npm install johnny-five 

What does the API look like?

Creating instances of hardware objects and passing initiation properties

						 var servo = new five.Servo(10);
						

servo.min(), servo.max(), servo.center(), move(deg), sweep(deg)

Hello World Example

var five = require("johnny-five"), button, led, litBool;
var board = new five.Board();
board.on("ready", function() {
//Once the board is ready and the callback fires, your code goes here!
  litBool = false;
  led = five.Led(13);
  button = new five.Button(8);

 button.on("down", function() {
    if(litBool == false){
    led.off();
	}else{
	led.on();
	}
	litBool = !litBool;
  });

 button.on("hold", function() {
    led.strobe();
  });
});

Connecting to the Internet with Johnny Five

Johnny Five is just a Node package

Treat it like any other Node Library

Connecting to API's is the same as you normally would with NodeJS

No extra shields needed either!

What would you use Johnny Five for?

Autonomously monitoring and adjusting

Inteligently regulating an aquarium

Building a little robot to intelligently avoid walls

Letting twitter decide who to administer a shock to