Angular 2: Unit Testing

Some Convincing...

  • Unit tests guard against breaking existing code (“regressions”) when we make changes.
  • clarify what the code does (use as documentation)
  • They reveal mistakes in design and implementation. Tests force us to look at our code from many angles and also make your code more modular

https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/guide/testing.html

Agenda

  • ng-cli overview and testing setup
  • Testing Components
  • Testing Http
  • Testing Components with async actions
  • Testing pipes

Jasmine

  • A BDD framework for JS code
  • standalone, no DOM required
  • Clean syntax: describe, it, expect
  • Others: Mocha, QUnit, Jest (Facebook)
  • Often used with a mocking library like Sinon

Suites

  • test suite begins with "describe"
  • takes a string (spec suite title) and a function (block of code being tested)
  • suites can be nested
describe('SuperAwesomeModule', function() {

    describe('featureA', function() {

    });

    describe('featureB', function() {
    
    });

});

Specs

  • call global Jasmine function:
    • it(<string>, <fn>)
  • a spec contains one or more expectations
  • expectation: an assertion that is either true or false.
  • spec with all true expectations: pass
  • spec with one or more false expectations: fail
describe('SuperAwesomeModule', function() {

    describe('featureA', function() {

        it('should calculate some super awesome calculation', function() {
            ...
        });

        it('should also do this correctly', function() {
            ...
        });

    });
});

Expectations and Matchers

  • call global Jasmine function:
  • expect(<actual>).<matcher(expectedValue)>
  • a matcher implements boolean comparison between the actual value and the expected value
describe('SuperAwesomeModule', function() {

    describe('featureA', function() {

        it('should calculate some super awesome calculation', function() {
            expect(SuperAwesomeModule.featureA([1, 2, 4]).toEqual(7);
        });

        it('should also do this correctly', function() {
            expect(SuperAwesomeModule.featureB('...').toBe(true);
        });

    });
});

Included Matchers

expect(foo).toBe(true); // uses JS strict equality

expect(foo).not.toBe(true);

expect(foo).toEqual(482); // uses deep equality, recursive search through objects

expect(foo).toBeDefined();

expect(foo).not.toBeDefined();

expect(foo).toBeUndefined();

expect(foo).toBeTruthy(); // boolean cast testing

expect(foo).toBeFalsy();

expect(foo).toContain('student'); // find item in array

expect(e).toBeLessThan(pi);

expect(pi).toBeGreaterThan(e);

expect(a).toBeCloseTo(b, 2); // a to be close to b by 2 decimal points

Included Matchers: Exceptions

expect(function() {
    foo(1, '2')
}).toThrowError();

expect(function() {

    foo(1, '2')
}).toThrow(new Error('Invalid parameter type.')

Setup and Teardown

describe("A spec using beforeEach and afterEach", function() {
  var foo = 0;

  beforeEach(function() {
    foo += 1;
  });

  afterEach(function() {
    foo = 0;
  });

  it("is just a function, so it can contain any code", function() {
    expect(foo).toEqual(1);
  });

  it("can have more than one expectation", function() {
    expect(foo).toEqual(1);
    expect(true).toEqual(true);
  });
});

Setup and Teardown

describe("A spec using beforeAll and afterAll", function() {
  var foo;

  beforeAll(function() {
    foo = 1;
  });

  afterAll(function() {
    foo = 0;
  });

  it("sets the initial value of foo before specs run", function() {
    expect(foo).toEqual(1);
    foo += 1;
  });

  it("does not reset foo between specs", function() {
    expect(foo).toEqual(2);
  });
});

Disabling suites/specs

describe('SuperAwesomeModule', function() {

    xdescribe('featureA', function() {
        it('should ...', function() {

        });

        it('should ...', function() {

        });
    });

    describe('featureB', function() {
        xit('should ...', function() {

        });

        it('should ...', function() {

        });
    });

});

Spies

  • test double functions called spies.
  • can stub any function and tracks calls to it and all arguments.
  • A spy only exists in the describe or it block in which it is defined, and will be removed after each spec.
describe('SuperAwesomeModule', function() {
    beforeEach(function() {
        // track all calls to SuperAwesomeModule.coolHelperFunction() 
        // and also delegate to the actual implementation
        spyOn(SuperAwesomeModule, 'coolHelperFunction').and.callThrough();
    });

    describe('featureA', function() {
        it('should ...', function() {
            expect(SuperAwesomeModule.featureA(2)).toBe(5);
            
            // matchers for spies
            expect(SuperAwesomeModule.coolHelperFunction).toHaveBeenCalled();
            expect(SuperAwesomeModule.coolHelperFunction).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
        });
    });
});

Spies: and.returnValue

  • Useful when you want to stub out return values
describe('SuperAwesomeModule', function() {
    beforeEach(function() {
        spyOn(SuperAwesomeModule, 'coolHelperFunction').and.returnValue('myValue');
    });
});

Karma.conf.js configuration

// list of files / patterns to load in the browser
files: [
  'src/*.js',
  'spec/*.js'
],


browsers: ['PhantomJS'], // run your tests in a headless browser!

Make terminal reporting pretty

Make terminal reporting pretty

update karma.conf.js:

 

plugins: [
  require("karma-jasmine"),
  require("karma-phantomjs-launcher"),
  require("karma-spec-reporter")
],

...

reporters: ['spec'],

Build Integration

npm install husky --save-dev
// package.json
{
  "scripts": {
    "precommit": "npm test",
    "prepush": "npm test",
    "...": "..."
  }
}

On npm install, that will install git commit hooks for you, and enable them by adding npm scripts

Testing Angular 2

Sample App

Testing Components

Components

Testing Components

import { TestBed } from '@angular/core/testing';

import { MyComponent } from './header.component';


describe('Component: MyComponent', () => {

    beforeEach(() => {
        TestBed.configureTestingModule({
          declarations: [MyComponent]
        });
        
        TestBed.compileComponents();
    });

});

Text

Set up each spec and configure the TestBed

Testing Components (fixtures)

let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(MyComponent);

https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/api/core/testing/ComponentFixture-class.html

 

Returns a fixture for debugging and testing a component.

Testing Components (element)

let elem = fixture.debugElement.nativeElement;

https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/api/core/testing/ComponentFixture-class.html

 

Returns the debug element associated with this component

Testing Components (component)

let component: HeaderComponent = fixture.debugElement.componentInstance;

https://angular.io/docs/ts/latest/api/core/testing/ComponentFixture-class.html

 

Returns the component instance.

Testing Components

  it('should render a title', () => {
    let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(HeaderComponent);
    let elem = fixture.debugElement.nativeElement;
    let component: HeaderComponent = fixture.debugElement.componentInstance;

    expect(elem.querySelector('h1.header').innerHTML).toBe('ng2 storefront');
  });

Testing Components

// Usage:    <greeter name="Joe"></greeter> 
// Renders:  <h1>Hello Joe!</h1>
@Component({
  selector: 'greeter',
  template: `<h1>Hello {{name}}!</h1>`
})
export class Greeter { 
  @Input() name;
}

Testing Components

describe('Component: Greeter', () => {
  let fixture, greeter, element, de;
  
  //setup
  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [ Greeter ]
    });

    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(Greeter);
    greeter = fixture.componentInstance;  // to access properties and methods
    element = fixture.nativeElement;      // to access DOM element
    de = fixture.debugElement;            // test helper
  });
  
  //specs
  it('should render `Hello World!`', async(() => {
    greeter.name = 'World';
    //trigger change detection
    fixture.detectChanges();
    fixture.whenStable().then(() => { 
      expect(element.querySelector('h1').innerText).toBe('Hello World!');
      expect(de.query(By.css('h1')).nativeElement.innerText).toBe('Hello World!');
    });
  }));
}) 

Testing Compents with Dependencies

use the "providers" property when configuring the test bed

beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [AppComponent],
      providers: [
        {
          provide: ApiService,
          useClass: MockApiService
        }
      ]
    });
    
    TestBed.compileComponents();
});
class MockApiService {
  getProducts() {
    return Promise.resolve(mockProductList);
  }
}

Testing Services

Testing Services: Http

  • When testing services that make HTTP calls, we don't want to hit the server with real requests
  • Time constraints, isolate from outside points of failure
  • mock server requests

Testing Services: Http

Services often require dependencies that Angular injects through the constructor of the service's class

@Injectable()
export class StorefrontService {

  constructor(public http: Http) { }

  getProducts(): Observable<Response> {
    return this.http.get('/mock/products.json')
      .map(res => res.json());
  }

}

Testing Services: Http

Setup: configure TestBed with providers

  beforeEach(() => {

    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
     providers: [
       MockBackend,
       BaseRequestOptions,
       {
         provide: Http,
         useFactory: (mockbackend: ConnectionBackend, defaultOptions: BaseRequestOptions) => {
          return new Http(mockbackend, defaultOptions);
        },
        deps: [MockBackend, BaseRequestOptions]
       },
       StorefrontService,
     ]
    });

  });

Testing Services: Http

For each test, use the "async" and "inject" functions in @angular/core/testing

 

use the mock connection to test requests

it('should call api with correct url',
  async(inject(
         [ApiService, MockBackend], 
         (apiService: ApiService, mockBackend: MockBackend) => {
           
           mockBackend.connections.subscribe( (connection: MockConnection) => {
             expect(connection.request.method).toBe(RequestMethod.Get);
             expect(connection.request.url).toBe('/mock/products.json');
           });
            
           apiService.getProducts();
          }
       )
  )
);

Testing Pipes

Format Price

  • There is a "CurrencyPipe", but doesn't work in all browsers
  • Let's create our own
@Pipe({
  name: 'formatPrice'
})
export class FormatPricePipe implements PipeTransform {

  transform(value: number): string {
    return '$' + ( (value / 100).toFixed(2).replace(/\B(?=(\d{3})+(?!\d))/g, ",") );
  }

}

Testing Pipes

Nothing special, it's just a class!

describe('Pipe: FormatPrice', () => {

  let pipe: FormatPricePipe;

  beforeEach(() => {
    pipe = new FormatPricePipe();
  });

  it('should format price correclty', () => {
    expect(pipe.transform(2499)).toBe('$24.99');
  });

});

Testing Pipes

import {Pipe, PipeTransform} from '@angular/core';
@Pipe({
  name: 'capitalise'
})
export class CapitalisePipe implements PipeTransform {
  transform(value: string): string {
    if (typeof value !== 'string') {
      throw new Error('Requires a String as input');
    }
    return value.toUpperCase();
  }

Testing Pipes

describe('Pipe: CapitalisePipe', () => {
  let pipe;
  
  //setup
  beforeEach(() => TestBed.configureTestingModule({
    providers: [ CapitalisePipe ]
  }));
  
  beforeEach(inject([CapitalisePipe], p => {
    pipe = p;
  }));
  
  //specs
  it('should work with empty string', () => {
    expect(pipe.transform('')).toEqual('');
  });
  
  it('should capitalise', () => {
    expect(pipe.transform('wow')).toEqual('WOW');
  });
  
  it('should throw with invalid values', () => {
    //must use arrow function for expect to capture exception
    expect(()=>pipe.transform(undefined)).toThrow();
    expect(()=>pipe.transform()).toThrow();
    expect(()=>pipe.transform()).toThrowError('Requires a String as input');
  });
}) 

Testing Directive

Directive

// Example: <div log-clicks></div>
@Directive({
  selector: "[log-clicks]"
})
export class logClicks {
  counter = 0;
  @Output() changes = new EventEmitter();
  
  @HostListener('click', ['$event.target'])
  clicked(target) { 
    console.log(`Click on [${target}]: ${++this.counter}`);
    //we use emit as next is marked as deprecated
    this.changes.emit(this.counter);
  }
}

Directive

@Component({ 
  selector: 'container',
  template: `<div log-clicks (changes)="changed($event)"></div>`,
  directives: [logClicks]
})
export class Container {  
  @Output() changes = new EventEmitter();
  
  changed(value){
    this.changes.emit(value);
  }
}

Directive

describe('Directive: logClicks', () => {
  let fixture;
  let container;
  let element;  

  //setup
  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      declarations: [ Container, logClicks ]
    });

    fixture = TestBed.createComponent(Container);
    container = fixture.componentInstance; // to access properties and methods
    element = fixture.nativeElement;       // to access DOM element
  });
  
  //specs
  it('should increment counter', fakeAsync(() => {
    let div = element.querySelector('div');
    //set up subscriber
    container.changes.subscribe(x => { 
      expect(x).toBe(1);
    });
    //trigger click on container
    div.click();
    //execute all pending asynchronous calls
    tick();
  }));
}) 

Testing Routes

Routes

@Component({
  selector: 'my-app',
  template: `<router-outlet></router-outlet>`
})
class TestComponent { }

@Component({
  selector: 'home',
  template: `<h1>Home</h1>`
})
export class Home { }

export const routes: Routes = [
  { path: '', redirectTo: 'home', pathMatch: 'full' },
  { path: 'home', component: Home },
  { path: '**', redirectTo: 'home' }
];

@NgModule({
  imports: [
    BrowserModule, RouterModule.forRoot(routes),
  ],
  declarations: [TestComponent, Home],
  bootstrap: [TestComponent],
  exports: [TestComponent] 
})
export class AppModule {}

Routes

describe('Router tests', () => {
  //setup
  beforeEach(() => {
    TestBed.configureTestingModule({
      imports: [
        RouterTestingModule.withRoutes(routes),
        AppModule
      ]
    });
  });
  
  //specs
  it('can navigate to home (async)', async(() => {
    let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestComponent);
    TestBed.get(Router)
      .navigate(['/home'])
        .then(() => {
          expect(location.pathname.endsWith('/home')).toBe(true);
        }).catch(e => console.log(e));
  }));
  
  it('can navigate to home (fakeAsync/tick)', fakeAsync(() => {
    let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestComponent);
    TestBed.get(Router).navigate(['/home']);
    fixture.detectChanges();
    //execute all pending asynchronous calls
    tick();    
    expect(location.pathname.endsWith('/home')).toBe(true);
  }));
  
  it('can navigate to home (done)', done => {
    let fixture = TestBed.createComponent(TestComponent);
    TestBed.get(Router)
      .navigate(['/home'])
        .then(() => {
          expect(location.pathname.endsWith('/home')).toBe(true);
          done();
        }).catch(e => console.log(e));
  });
});

Testing Observables

Observables

describe('Observable: basic observable', () => {
  var basic$;
  
  //setup
  beforeEach(() => {
    basic$ = new Observable(observer => {
      //pushing values
      observer.next(1);
      observer.next(2);
      observer.next(3);
      //complete stream
      observer.complete(); 
    });
  })
  
  //specs
  it('should create the expected sequence (async)', async(() => {
    let expected = [1,2,3], 
      index = 0;
    basic$
      .subscribe({
        next: x => expect(x).toEqual(expected[index++]),
        error: e => console.log(e)
      });
  }));
});

Testing EventEmitters

EventEmitters

@Component({
  selector: 'counter',
  template: `
    <div>
      <h1>{{counter}}</h1>
      <button (click)="change(1)">+1</button>
      <button (click)="change(-1)">-1</button>
    </div>`
})
export class Counter {
  @Output() changes = new EventEmitter();
  
  constructor(){
    this.counter = 0;
  }
  
  change(increment) {
    this.counter += increment;
    //we use emit as next is marked as deprecated
    this.changes.emit(this.counter);
  }
}

EventEmitters

describe('EventEmitter: Counter', () => {
  let counter;
  
  //setup
  beforeEach(() => TestBed.configureTestingModule({
    providers: [ Counter ]
  }));
  
  beforeEach(inject([Counter], c => {
    counter = c;
  }))
  
  //specs
  it('should increment +1 (async)', async(() => {
    counter.changes.subscribe(x => { 
      expect(x).toBe(1);
    });
    counter.change(1);
  }));

  it('should decrement -1 (async)', async(() => {
    counter.changes.subscribe(x => { 
      expect(x).toBe(-1);
    });
    counter.change(-1);
  }));
}) 

Q&A

Sync or Async?

Does your test makes asynchronous calls? Uses XHR, Promises, Observables, etc. Is the Component using TemplateUrl or styleUrls or inline? Make sure you are using the corresponding APIs.

Demo

Links

Thanks!

Angular 2: Unit Testing

By Pavel Nasovich

Angular 2: Unit Testing

Angular 2: Unit Testing

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