Some basics in photography
Types of Cameras
1. Smart Phone Cameras
2. Compact - Canon PowerShots, Sony RX 100II
3. DSLR - Canon 80D, Nikon d3200
Main difference
1. Smart phone and Compact Cameras produces software created/enhanced pictures eg: Portrait modes in Smart Phones, Too much zoom in Compact cameras
2. DSLRs cameras produces images by using optics principles
3. Image sensor difference - here
Pros & Cons
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Light weight, easy to use, more features, Cost affective | Bad Quality of images, cannot produce professional photos |
Pros | Cons |
---|---|
Good Quality of Photos More possibilities to enhance photos using photoshop, lightroom Too much options like variety of lenses, external flashs |
Heavy to carry Too Costly |
Smart Phone & Compact Cameras
DSLRs
Some Important Concepts
Depth of field
Depth of field is the distance between the nearest and the furthest objects that are in acceptably sharp focus in an image.
- The Av controls the amount of depth of field in an image.
- The wider the aperture, the more shallow the depth of field, and vice versa
Full frame Vs Cropped Sensor
Aperture
- Aperture is the size of the hole in the diaphragm that allows light into the camera .
- The larger the hole, the more light that enters the camera in a given time.
- Aperture values (Av) are measured using f-s tops , shown as f /# (i.e. f /16).
Shutter speed
- Controls the amount of time the shutter or curtain is open.
- Shutter speed is measured in fractions of seconds.
- Depending on the camera, it may show the shutter speed without the numerator, i.e. 250 instead of 1/250.
- A fast shutter speed freezes the action of an image Conversely, a slow shutter speed blurs the action of an image.
Possibilities when using shutter speed, iso and aperture
Lenses
- The length of a lens is measured in millimetres (mm).
- Low numbers are considered wide lenses, while high numbers are considered long lenses .
- Human eyesight is equivalent to about 50mm•
- A wide lens, i.e., 18 mm, is useful for landscape photos •
- A long lens, i.e., 300 mm, is useful for close-ups of wildlife
ISO
1. ISO measures the sensitivity of the image sensor.
2. The lower the number, the less sensitive your camera is to light and the finer the grain.
3. Higher numbers mean your sensor becomes more sensitive to light which allows you to use your camera in darker situations. but then it will create some grains
4. 100 ISO is generally accepted as a ‘normal’ or ‘standard’ ISO and will give you lovely crisp shots (with little to no noise/grain).
The one on the left is taken at 100 ISO and the one of the right at 3200 ISO.
Final tip
There are no rules in photography
Copy of Some basics
By Ahmad Hamza
Copy of Some basics
- 803