Drawing

Paper is the foundation of most drawings and it comes in a variety types

Paper thickness is also important to consider

Gesture Drawing

Silverpoint is a very old technique that makes durable & detailed drawings

Silverpoint Drawing Demo

Pencils were once made with lead, but graphite is most common today

Example of a graphite sketch

Example of a detailed graphite drawing

Introducing color to a pencil drawing can have a dramatic effect

Charcoal is arguably the oldest drawing media and has a unique look

Example of a charcoal sketch

Example of a finished charcoal drawing

Example of a chalk and charcoal drawing

Sanguine looks like red chalk/charcoal, but is in fact a rock used by painters to sketch

Pastels are traditionally oil-based drawing media

Example of a finished pastel drawing

Pen and ink drawings have a very illustrative effect

Example of a pen and ink line drawing

Example of a pen and ink drawing

Michael Booker on his Drawings

Painting

Ink can be used to make paintings, as well as drawings

There is a long tradition of ink painting in East Asia

Examining a Painted Scroll

Example of a Southern School Song Dynasty Painting

A Northern School Song Painting

Fujiwara no Takanobu

Minamoto no Yoritomo

1179 CE
Hanging Silk Scroll

Silk Painting Process

Many bold effects are possible within ink paintings

Much like pencil drawings, adding color has a huge effect with ink painting

Watercolor paintings behave like ink paintings but use different materials

Tempera paint is another water-based painting medium

Entry into Jerusalem, Duccio, 1308-1311 CE

Tempera was most often used in the European Medieval era for paper-based works like book illustrations

Fresco is another old art media from the Mediterranean area that was especially popular in Ancient Rome and the Renaissance

Sibila Libica, Michelangelo, 1512 CE

School of Athens, Raphael, 1509-1511 CE

Demonstration of the fresco painting process

The advantages of oil paint

Note the extreme detail possible when using oil paints

Last Supper, Leonardo, 1495-1498 CE

Choosing the wrong media/technique can have dire consequences...

Street Artists have pioneered the use of spray paint to create their works

Group of Animals (off Rivington Street, London), Roa, c. 2010 CE

Stencils also feature heavily in spray painted works

Some artists still choose traditional paint brushes regardless of location

Masterful Forgeries

Printmaking

Linoleum is also used to make 'linocut' prints due to its high carvability

Linocut Tools

Linocut pieces tend to be bold and simple in design

Linocut Printmaking with Wuon-Gean Ho

Woodcut or woodblock prints may be the oldest printmaking method

As the drawing to the left shows, the method is similar to rubber stamps and linocut.

Tugboat Printshop

Golden Apple Tree

2015 CE

Tugboat Printshop

Overlook

2016 CE

Full-color woodblock prints are possible by printing in 4 basic colors

Each color is printed with a specially designed block

The colors build up and mix to create the full color spectrum

Just the primary 'process' colors aren't enough for a truly rich image

Black is added to the cyan, magenta, and yellow layers to complete it

Full-color woodblock prints are the most difficult kind of woodcut

Katsushika Hokusai

Great Wave Off Kanagawa

1831 CE | Ukiyo-e Woodblock Print

Ukiyo-e Printing Block

Ukiyo-e Woodblock Printing

A Selection of Woodcut Printed Fabrics (Chintz) from India

Indian Woodcut Printing Blocks

Making a Traditional Wood Printing Block

Chintz Panel from the 18th Century

Making Woodblock Printed Fabric

Intaglio pieces are made with engraved metal plates

The intaglio process is almost the inverse of the woodcut process

Making a Mezzotint Print

Silkscreen printing is an old wallpaper making technique

It makes full-colored images similar to CMYK woodcut prints

Andy Warhol popularized the silkscreen process in the 1960s

Silkscreen prints are the most reproducible of all printmaking media

Printmaker Zach Wolfson on their Work

Photography & Film

Static Photographs

Photography & Film

Moving Images

3D Techniques & Media

Sculpture

Carving

Sculpture

Modeling

Sculpture

Casting

Kouros

c. 600 BCE
Archaic

Architecture

Ancient Construction

Great Pyramid of La Venta, Tabasco, Mexico
Olmec, 1st cent. BCE

Diagram of the La Venta Pyramid Complex

Distant view of the Great Pyramid

Tikal Temple I, Guatemala
Maya, 8th cent. CE

El Castillo, Yucatan, Mexico
Maya, 8th-12th cent. CE

The Great Sphinx & Pyramid, Giza, Egypt

Egyptian, c. 2558–2532 BCE

Development of the Pyramid

Karnak Temple Complex (detail), Luxor, Egypt

Egyptian, c. 1900-1200 BCE

Parthenon, Athens, Greece

Classical, 432 BCE

Stonehenge, Wiltshire, England

Neolithic, c. 2500 BCE

The Treasury of Atreus or Tomb of Agamemnon, Mycenae, Greece

Mycenean, c. 1350-1250 BCE

Quwwatul-Islam Mosque, Dehli, India

Islamic, c. 12th-13th cent. CE

Roman Aqueduct, Vers-Pont-du-Gard, France

Roman, 60 CE

Bascilica of St. Sernin (interior), Toulouse, France

French, 1180 CE

Saint-Lazare/Autun Cathedral, Autun, France

French, 1146 CE

Reims Cathedral, Reims, France

French Gothic, 1275 CE

Vaulted ceiling vs Ribbed Vaulting

Interior of Cologne Cathedral

Pantheon, Rome, Italy
Roman, 125 CE

Hagia Sophia, Istanbul, Turley
Byzantine, 537 CE

The pendentive structures (green) of Hagia Sophia's Domes

Dome of the Rock (Qubbat aṣ-Ṣakhra), West Bank, Israel/Palestine

Early Islamic, Late 7th cent. CE

Ninomaru Palace (Nijo Castle), Kyoto, Japan
Japanese, 1679 CE

Horyu-ji, Nara, Japan
Japanese, 607 CE

Horyu-ji Chumon (inner gate)

Horyu-ji Pagoda

Example of contemporary wooden architecture

Architecture

Classical Architectural Styles

Architecture

Modern Methods

Alternative Media

Conceptual Art

Marc Quinn

Self

1991, 2006, & 2011 (pictured below)

Marcel Duchamp

Bicycle Wheel

1913

Marcel Duchamp

Fountain

1917

Fountain (replica)

1964 | Glazed earthenware

Joseph Kossuth

One and Three Chairs

1965

Joseph Kossuth

One and Three Rakes

1965

Barbara Kruger

Untitled
(I shop therefore I am)

1987

Barbara Kruger

Untitled

Date unknown

Barbara Kruger

Untitled

1987

Damien Hirst

The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living​

2012 | Steel, glass, formaldehyde, shark

Damien Hirst

Invasion

2009

Damien Hirst

Stubbed Out Love

1993

Damien Hirst

For the Love of God

2006

Martin Creed

Work no. 88 : a sheet of A4 paper crumpled into a ball

1994

Martin Creed

Work No.285 THINGS

2002

Martin Creed

Work No. 944

2008

Ai Weiwei

Sunflower Seeds

2010

Ai Weiwei

Sunflower Seeds

2010

Ai Weiwei

Sunflower Seeds

2010

Ai Weiwei

Dropping a Han Dynasty Urn

1995

Alternative Media

Performance Art