Chauvet Cave Paintings

Adrèche, France​​

c. 34,000-32,000 BCE

Charcoal & pigment

Chauvet Cave Paintings

Adrèche, France​​

c. 34,000-32,000 BCE

Chauvet Cave Paintings

Adrèche, France​​

c. 34,000-32,000 BCE

Cueva de los Manos

Santa Cruz, Argentina​​

c. 7,300 - 700 BCE | Sprayed pigment

Lion Man of Ulm

Germany​​

c. 38,000 BCE

Carved ivory

Origins of the 'Lion Man of Ulm'

Çatalhöyük
 Central Anatolia (modern-day Türkiye)

c. 7,000 BCE

Interior Reconstruction

Artist's Rendering of Rooftop Common Space

Çatalhöyük, Agriculture, & Religion

Stonehenge

Salsbury, England

c. 2,000 BCE | Megalithic site

Stonehenge & Astronomy

Detailed view of outer ring construction technique

Stonehenge alignment

The physical development of the Stonehenge site

Durrington Walls

Salsbury, England

c. 2,600 BCE

Woodhenge

Habitation

Aerial site view

Hypothetical reconstructions of Durrington (left) and Woodhenge (right)

Stonehenge

Cursus

Woodhenge

Durrington Walls

Stonehenge and surrounding sites

Full Stonehenge site and proposed function and/or symbolism

Pyramids of Giza / Fourth Dynasty Pyramids

From the Left:
Pyramid of Menkaure, c. 2490–2472 BCE
Pyramid of Khafre, c. 2520–2494 BCE
Great Pyramid of Khufu, c. 2551–2528 BCE.

• Ka - the life force
• Ba - the personality
• Sheut - the shadow
• Ren - the name
• Ib - the heart

The Five Parts of the Egyptian Soul

The Mummification Process

Artist's Reconstruction of Original Pyramid Site

How the Pyramids were Developed

Plan of the city of Heit el-Ghurab, Giza

Heit el-Ghurab site with potential waterways

Mortuary Temple of Ramesses III

New Kingdom

Luxor, Egypt | c. 1200 BCE

Aerial View of the Temple

Menkaure and Khamerernebty

4th Dynasty Egypt

c. 2490-2472 BCE

Carved Greywacke

Khafre Enthroned

4th Dynasty Egypt

c. 2530 BCE

Carved gneiss

Example of 'Proportional Design' of the Human Body

Ikhnaton (a.k.a. Akhenaten) and Nefertiti with their three daughters

18th Dynasty Egypt

c. 1353-1335 BCE | Carved sandstone

Ikhnaton (colossal statue from the temple of Aton)

18th Dynasty Egypt

c. 1353-1335 BCE

Carved sandstone

Bust of Nefertiti

18th Dynasty Egypt

c. 1353-1335 BCE

Limestone, gypsum, & pigment

2018 Reconstruction of Queen Nefertiti's Face

2022 AI-driven Reconstruction of Queen Nefertiti

Egyptology & Whitewashing

The Concept of Race in Egyptology

Authentic or Forgery?

Ancient Greece

Map of Ancient Greece

Topography of the Aegean Sea

Rise of the Athenian Empire

Temple of Aphaia

Aegina, Greece

c. 500-490 BCE, Archaic Period

Temple of Aphaia

Aegina, Greece

c. 500-490 BCE, Archaic Period

Artist’s rendering of the temple's facade

The Parthenon

Athens, Greece

5th century BCE, Classical Period

Artist’s rendering of The Parthenon atop the Acropolis in ancient Athens

Parthenon

Erechtheion

Propylaia

Theater of Herodes Atticus

Artist’s rendering of The Parthenon's facade

Recreation of the Athena Parthenos Statue from Athens

Greek Column ‘Orders’ or Styles

The Long-Lasting Acanthus Leaf

Kouros

c. 600 BCE
Archaic

Warrior
(aka Riace Warrior)

c. 460-450 BCE

Classical Period

Lost-Wax Casting Process

Medieval & Romanesque Europe

Early Medieval Europe after the fall of Western Rome

A Brief History of the English Language

Spread of Christianity

Purse Cover from the Sutton Hoo Burial Ship

Anglo-Saxon (pre-Christian)

c. 625 CE | Cloisonné on gold

Celtic Hinged Clasp

Belt buckle featuring knotwork, c. 625 CE

Examples of Christian Celtic Crosses

St. Matthew from the
Lindisfarne Gospels

Anglo-Saxon, Northumbrian

c. 698-721 CE

Ink on vellum

Reading the Margins

Reproduced Pages from The Lindisfarne Gospels

Reproduced 'Carpet Page' from The Lindisfarne Gospels

An Example of the Secrets within Medieval Manuscripts

St. Matthew from the
​Coronation Gospels

Frankish, Carolingian

c. 800-810 CE

Ink on vellum

Celtic vs Carolingian styles

Response Assignment:

Cultural Comparison:
Early Christian Art in Europe

Compare & contrast the two paintings from class:
St. Matthew from the Lindisfarne Gospels & from the Coronation Gospels.

• How does the Lindisfarne Gospel piece showcase Celtic style?
• How does the Charlemagne Gospel Book piece showcase Roman influence on Carolingian art?
• What do both of these artworks have in common?

St. Michael's Church, Cisnadioara, Romania (c. 11th cent CE)

Interior of St. Michael's

São Martinho de Cedofeita, Portugal (c. 1087 CE)

Lisbon Cathedral, Portugal (1150 CE)

Interior of the Alcobaça Monastery, Portugal (1187 CE)

St. Michael's
Hildesheim, Germany

1001-1031 CE, Ottonian

Interior of St. Michael's

Elevation & Floor Plan St. Michael's

Saint-Sernin
Toulouse, France

1070-1120 CE, Romanesque

Interior of Saint-Sernin

Last Judgement
Saint-Lazare, Autun, France

c. 1120-1135 CE, Romanesque | Carved stone

Entrance of Autun Cathedral with tympanum visible

Detail of right side of the tympanum

Sant'Ambrogio
Milan, Italy

late 11th to early 12th century CE, Romanesque

Sant'Ambrogio compared to Old St. Peter's

Expansion of the Islamic World

The Islamic Empire in 750 CE

Qubbat As-Sakhrah, قبة الصخرة‎  (aka "Dome of the Rock")
Jerusalem, West Bank

c. 687-692 CE, Umayyad Caliphate

Cross-Section of Quabbat As-Sakhrah Interior

Mosaic Mihrab
Isfahan, Persia (originally)

c. 1354 CE, Sarbedaran Period

Tile mosaic

Example of a full qibla wall with minbar & mihrab

Mosaic Patterns on Exterior of Qubbat As-Sakhrah

Examples of Islamic Geometric Tile Design

Making Islamic Geometric Designs

Muqarnas Ceiling from Shah Mosque, Isfahan, Iran

Example of Arabic calligraphy

Symbols & logos using Arabic calligraphy

'Basmala' in simple calligraphy

Umayyad Mosque (aka "Great Mosque of Damascus")
Damascus, Syria

706-715 CE, Umayyad Caliphate

Aerial View of the Umayyad Mosque

Panoramic views of the Umayyad Mosque Courtyard

Example of a Hypostyle Spaces

Interior of a mosque in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Umayyad Mosque Interior

Mosque of Córdoba
Córdoba, Spain

8th-10th centuries CE, Abbasid/Córdoba Caliphate

Expansion of the Mosque of Córdoba over time

Street-level view of the Mosque of Córdoba

Courtyard of the Mosque of Córdoba

Interior of the Mosque of Córdoba

Qibla wall of the Mosque of Córdoba (minbar out of frame)

Mihrab of the Mosque of Córdoba

Gilded dome above the qibla wall

Evidence of cultural shifts inside the Mosque of Córdoba

Baroque chapel installed in the center of the former mosque

Baroque chapel installed in the center of the former mosque