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Getting started with Computing
EC2 Launch Essentials
Learning Outcome
5
Understand what placement groups are
4
Explain security groups and traffic rules
3
Understand key pairs and their purpose
2
Explain what an AMI is and why it is needed
1
Understand how an EC2 instance is created
Earlier, we learned that
Create EC2 Instance
AMI (Amazon Machine Image)
An AMI (Amazon Machine Image) is a preconfigured template used to launch EC2 instances.It includes the operating system, application server, and software.
Why is AMI Needed?
EC2 cannot start without an operating system
Speeds up server deployment and reduces manual setup
Ensures consistent environment across multiple instances
Examples of AMI OS types
Linux AMI (Amazon Linux, Ubuntu)
macOS AMI
Windows AMI
AMI decides what software your server starts with
Types of AMIs
Public AMI
Provided by AWS or the community and available to everyone
Private AMI
Created and used within your own AWS account
AWS Marketplace AMI
AMIs with preinstalled software from third-party vendors (paid or free)
Common Port Numbers
SSH – 22 → Linux/macOS remote access
HTTP – 80 → Web traffic
HTTPS – 443 → Secure web traffic
RDP – 3389 → Windows remote access
DNS – 53 → Domain name resolution
Key Pair
EC2 Key Pair Basics
A login credential used to access EC2
Comes in two formats: .pem and .ppk
Why Key Pair is needed
Secure access to EC2 instance
Password login is disabled by default
Without a key pair, you cannot log in.
Key Pair File Types
.pem file
Used mainly on Linux and Mac systems
.ppk file
Used mainly on Windows (PuTTY tool)
Key pair acts like a digital lock and key.
By default keypair save in .PEM format
Security Group
What it Security Group
A virtual firewall for EC2
Controls incoming and outgoing traffic
Why it is needed
Protects EC2 from unauthorized access
Ensures only allowed traffic reaches the server
Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM)
Privacy-Enhanced Mail (PEM) is a security mechanism for email that provides confidentiality, authentication, and integrity using encryption and digital signatures.
What PEM Do
Encrypts email content to keep it private
Uses digital certificates to verify sender identity
Prevents tampering with messages
Security Group Rules
Inbound Rules
Control traffic coming into EC2
Outbound Rules
Control traffic going out from EC2
Rules are defined using ports and protocols.
Placement Groups
What is placement Group
Logical grouping of EC2 instances
Helps control how instances are placed in AWS data centers
Why it is needed
Improve performance or reliability
Control network behavior between instances
Why Placement Groups Matter
Helps with low-latency communication
Useful for performance-sensitive workloads
Optional feature, not mandatory for beginners
Placement groups control where instances sit logically
Amazon EBS (Elastic Block Store)
EBS is persistent block-level storage used with EC2 instances. It stores data such as the operating system, applications, and files, and the data remains available even when the instance is stopped
Example of Amazon EBS
An EC2 instance runs a web application
EBS Store
operating system
application files
database data
EC2 Instance Store
EC2 Instance Store provides temporary (ephemeral) block-level storage that is physically attached to the host machine of an EC2 instance
Data is lost when the instance is stopped or terminated
Offers very high I/O performance
Suitable for temporary data like cache, buffers, or scratch data
Summary
4
Placement groups manage instance placement
3
Key pair provides secure login
2
AMI decides operating system
1
EC2 launch involves multiple configuration steps
Quiz
What is the main purpose of an AMI?
A. Store data
B. Provide operating system
C. Control traffic
D. Manage billing
Quiz-Answer
What is the main purpose of an AMI?
A. Store data
B. Provide operating system
C. Control traffic
D. Manage billing
C. FROM
Which Dockerfile instruction defines the base image?
A. RUN
B. CMD
D. COPY
EC2 Launch Essentials
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