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Flowchart & Syntax
Logic + Rules of Coding
What is a Flowchart?
Definition :-
A flowchart is a visual representation of steps involved in solving a problem.
Simple meaning:
Flowchart is a blueprint of a program.
Just like engineers draw a building plan before construction,
programmers draw a flowchart before coding.
It uses standard symbols and arrows to show how a process moves from start to finish.
Before writing any program, we first plan the logic.
Flowchart helps us see that logic clearly.
Why Do We Use Flowcharts?
Flowcharts are important because:
They make logic easy to understand
They reduce confusion while coding
They help identify mistakes early
They improve problem-solving skills
They make explanation easier during interviews or presentations
Golden Rule of Programming:
Think First → Draw Second → Code Last
If logic is clear, coding becomes simple.
Basic Flowchart Symbols
| Symbol | Name | Purpose |
|---|---|---|
| 🔵 Oval | Start / End | Beginning or finishing point |
| ▭ Rectangle | Process | Any calculation or action |
| ◇ Diamond | Decision | Condition checking (Yes/No) |
| ▱ Parallelogram | Input/Output | Taking input or showing output |
| ➡ Arrow | Flow Line | Direction of process |
NOTE:-
Every symbol has meaning.
We cannot randomly draw shapes.
Standard symbols make flowcharts universally understandable.
Example – Even or Odd Number
Let’s understand a simple program using flowchart logic.
Steps:
Start
↓
Take a number as input
↓
Check: Is number divisible by 2?
↓
If Yes → Print “Even”
If No → Print “Odd”
↓
End
This diamond shape is very important.
It checks a condition.
Programming always depends on conditions.
Real-Life Flowchart Examples
🏧 ATM Machine Logic
Start
↓
Insert Card
↓
Enter PIN
↓
Is PIN Correct?
→ Yes → Select Amount → Withdraw Cash → End
→ No → Show Error → End
ATM never gives money without checking condition.
Same way, programs check conditions before giving output.
What is a Syntax?
Now after planning logic, we write actual code.
Definition :-
Syntax is the set of rules that define how a programming language must be written.
Syntax = Grammar of Programming Language
Without grammar, sentences become wrong.
Without syntax, programs give errors.
Just like English has grammar rules,
Java, Python, C all have syntax rules.
Why is Syntax Important?
Syntax are important because:
✔ It helps compiler understand your code
✔ It prevents compilation errors
✔ It ensures proper execution
✔ It improves readability
✔ It maintains coding discipline
Important Concept:
Wrong Syntax = Compilation Error
Compiler is strict.
It does not guess what you mean.
It only follows rules.
Syntax Example in Java
Correct Syntax
int a = 10;
System.out.println(a);
JAVA
Incorrect Syntax
int a = 10;
System.out.println(a)
JAVA
Why wrong?
❌ Missing semicolon
❌ Statement not properly terminated
Also remember:
Java is case-sensitive.
System.out.println("Hello"); ✅
system.out.println("Hello"); ❌
Small mistake → Big error.
Flowchart vs Syntax
| Flowchart | Syntax |
|---|---|
| Used for planning | Used for writing code |
| Focuses on logic | Focuses on rules |
| Done before coding | Done during coding |
| Prevents logical errors | Prevents compilation errors |
Flowchart = Clear Thinking
Syntax = Correct Writing
Both are equally important.
Flowchart & Syntax
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