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Functional Testing
What is Functional Testing?
A type of software testing that verifies whether the application works according to the specified requirements — focusing on what the system does, not how.
Requirements Validation
Ensures every feature works per spec
User Interaction
Checks real-world user scenarios
Output Verification
Confirms correct & expected results
Requirement Traceability
Maps test cases to requirements
Defect Detection
Identifies issues before production
Business Logic
Validates rules like tax & discounts
Example 1: Banking Application — Money Transfer
Scenario: User transfers ₹5,000 from Account A to Account B
1.
₹5,000 must be debited from the sender's account
2.
₹5,000 must be credited to the receiver's account
3.
Transaction history must be updated with details
4.
A confirmation message must be displayed to the user
Examples 2: E-Commerce & Login
🛒 E-Commerce — Add to Cart
🔐 Login — Authentication
✔ Product appears in the cart after clicking
✔ Correct price and quantity are shown
✔ Total amount updates automatically
✅ Valid credentials
→ Login successful
→ Error message shown
❌ Invalid credentials
💡 Functional testing validates expected behavior for both positive and negative test scenarios
Key Takeaways
🎯 What? Validates software features against specified requirements
🔍 How? By testing inputs, outputs, and real-world user interactions
✅ Why? To catch defects early and ensure business logic accuracy
📌 Coverage? Maps every test case to a requirement — no gaps allowed
🚀 Result? Confident, production-ready software that users can trust
Funtional TESTING
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