stately.ai

stately.ai

stately.ai

useState()
import React, { useState } from 'react';

function EspressoCounter() {
  // Initialize the state variable `espressoCount` with an initial value of 0
  const [espressoCount, setEspressoCount] = useState(0);

  // Define a function to increment the espresso count
  const drinkEspresso = () => {
    setEspressoCount(prevCount => prevCount + 1);
  };

  return (
    <div>
      <h1>Espresso Counter</h1>
      <p>You have drunk {espressoCount} {espressoCount === 1 ? 'espresso' : 'espressos'}.</p>
      <button onClick={drinkEspresso}>Drink Espresso</button>
    </div>
  );
}
useReducer()
useEffect()
useContext()
useSyncExternalStore()

LLMs are
not enough

Input

Output

Input

Output

Goal

Start

AutoGPT

What is an agent?

Perform tasks → accomplish goal

Creating intelligent agents

→ State machines

Determinism, explainability

→ Reinforcement learning

Exploration, exploitation

→ Large language models

Interpretation, creativity

State machines

The original AI

import { createMachine } from "xstate";

export const ghostMachine = createMachine(
  {
    id: "Ghost 👻",
    initial: "Wandering maze",
    states: {
      "Wandering maze": {
        on: {
          "Lose Pac-Man": {
            target: "Chase Pac-Man",
          },
          "Pac-Man eats power pill": {
            target: "Run away from Pac-Man",
          },
        },
      },
      "Chase Pac-Man": {
        on: {
          "Pac-Man eats power pill": {
            target: "Run away from Pac-Man",
          },
        },
      },
      "Run away from Pac-Man": {
        on: {
          "power pill wears off": {
            target: "Wandering maze",
          },
          "eaten by Pac-Man": {
            target: "Return to base",
          },
        },
      },
      "Return to base": {
        on: {
          "reach base": {
            target: "Wandering maze",
          },
        },
      },
    },
  }
);
import { useMachine } from '@xstate/react';

// ...

function Ghost() {
  const [state, send] = useMachine(ghostMachine);
  
  const chasing = state.matches('Chase Pac-Man');
  
  const onEaten = () => {
    send({ type: 'eaten by Pac-Man' });
  }
  
  // ...
}

Reinforcement learning (RL)

🤖 An intelligent agent learns

🔮 ... through trial and error

💥 ... how to take actions inside an environment

🌟 ... to maximize a future reward

State machines that can learn

Environment

Normal mode

Scatter mode

Agent

Agent

Policy

Reward

+10

-3

🟡 + 🍒 = 👍

🟡 + 👻 = 👎

Credit assignment

no reward

Do nothing

Owner has treat
Tells dog "down"

ENVIRONMENT

Nothing changes

ENVIRONMENT

Exploration

reward++

Go down

Get treat

Owner has treat
Tells dog "down"

ENVIRONMENT

Owner praises dog

ENVIRONMENT

Exploration

Go down

Owner has treat
Tells dog "down"

ENVIRONMENT

Owner praises dog

ENVIRONMENT

Exploitation

💭

Treat?

Run away

Owner has treat
Tells dog "down"

ENVIRONMENT

Undesired outcome

ENVIRONMENT

🤬

Exploration

"Down"

Reward 🦴

Reinforcement learning
with human feedback (RLHF)

Large language models

LLMs with

1. Get an OpenAI API key

2.

npm i openai

LLMs with

3. Create completions with SDK

tl;dr: RTFM to learn faster

State machines for
intelligent logic

Show this slide if the WIFI died

or you messed up the demo

Learnings

LLMs are unpredictable

Event-based logic makes our apps
more declarative

State machines & reinforcement learning
make LLM agents more intelligent

Future plans

🔭   State machine synthesis

🤖   Adaptive UIs with RL

📐   Predictable LLM output

🌌   Deep learning for state space reduction

v5 beta

yarn add xstate@beta

v5 beta

yarn add xstate@beta
@statelyai/agent

Coming soon

@xstate/graph@beta

Documentation coming soon 😅

intelligent

Make your state management

Declarative UIs

Declarative state management

Separate app logic from view logic.

LLMs (GPT-4 and similar)

Reinforcement learning

Use as minimally as possible.

¡Gracias React Alicante!

React Alicante 2023

David Khourshid · @davidkpiano
stately.ai

Agent

Environment

Reward

State

Action

Environment = modeled as

a state machine

State = finite states

(grouped by common attributes)

Reward = how well does expected state (from state machine model) reflect actual state?

Action = shortest path
to goal state

Making state management intelligent

By David Khourshid

Making state management intelligent

This presentation introduces stately.ai and explores the limitations of LLMs. It discusses the concept of intelligent agents, state machines, reinforcement learning, and the use of large language models. It also covers credit assignment, exploration, and reinforcement learning with human feedback.

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