This talk is a fictional work.
Any similarity to your projects might be deliberate.
@JulienTopcu
50 A.U.
FRANCE
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Exploring the key trends in the education sector's evolution
@JulienTopcu
@JulienTopcu
13th of July 1998
(28 A.U.)
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13 Juillet 1998
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Jakob Nielsen, PhD
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C
.
E
.
O
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C-Level
Ego
Optimization
C
.
E
.
O
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Nigel Bevan, PhD
April 1998
@JulienTopcu
38 A.U.
REDMOND (USA)
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@JulienTopcu
| Model | Precision | Recall |
|---|---|---|
Organizational Structure
Code Churn
Code Complexity
Dependencies
Code Coverage
Pre-Release Bugs
86,2%
78,6%
79,3%
74,4%
83,8%
73,8%
84,0%
79,9%
66,0%
69,9%
54,4%
62,9%
3404 Binaires
Windows Vista
50+ Million LOC
@JulienTopcu
January 2008
Organization eats Code Quality Tools at breakfast
@JulienTopcu
Product quality is strongly affected by organization structure
1975
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46 A.U.
LONDON
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UI
Rail Shopping
Rail Supply
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UI
Rail Shopping
Rail Supply
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
If
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UI
Rail Shopping
Rail Supply
Feature Team
#1
Feature Team
#2
Feature Team
#3
@JulienTopcu
User Experience
Product Design
Product & Code Quality
Architecture
are strongly impacted by your organization !
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HOW DO COMMITTEES INVENT?
by MELVIN E. CONWAY - April 1968
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User
Shopping
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Billing
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User
Shopping
Payment
Billing
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User
Shopping
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Billing
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Interface
User
Shopping
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Billing
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Communication
Contract Negotiation
Coordinator
User
Shopping
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Billing
Interface
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User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
User
Billing
Shopping
Payment
@JulienTopcu
User
Billing
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Shopping
User
Billing
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Homomorphism
User
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User
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Shopping
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User
Billing
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Shopping
User
Billing
Shopping
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@JulienTopcu
User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
@JulienTopcu
User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
Payment
Shopping
User
Billing
User
Billing
Shopping
Checkout
Payment
Checkout
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Payment
Billing
Shopping
User
Checkout
???
Checkout
Payment
Shopping
User
Billing
User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
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Choosing an organization is already constraining the structure of the system it will produce, even before having analyzed the possible solutions.
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User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
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Cobol Compiler
Algol Compiler
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Cobol Compiler
Algol Compiler
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Cobol Compiler
Algol Compiler
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Cobol Compiler
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Cobol Compiler
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Cobol Compiler
Someone has to be the manager
Tom Cheatham - 1996
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Problem
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Problem
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Problem
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Problem
+
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Problem
+
+
Besoin/4
Besoin/4
Besoin/4
@JulienTopcu
The Bearing of a Child Takes 9 Months No Matter How Many Women Are Assigned
Frederick Brooks - The Mythical Man-Month 1975
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Problem
+
+
Besoin/4
Besoin/4
Besoin/4
Problem
Besoin/4
Besoin/4
Besoin/4
@JulienTopcu
Problem/2
Besoin/4
Problem/2
Besoin/2
@JulienTopcu
@JulienTopcu
Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
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There is no such thing as a design group which is both organized and unbiased
Melvin Conway - How do Committees invent? 1968
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Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
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Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
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Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
@JulienTopcu
Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
Problem/4
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The structures of large systems tend to disintegrate during development, qualitatively more so than with small systems
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Frederick Brooks - The Mythical Man-Month 1975
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Parkinson Law - 1955
Work expands so as to fill the time available for its completion
@JulienTopcu
It becomes necessary to restrict communication in order that people can get some "work" done
@JulienTopcu
@JulienTopcu
Organizations which design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations
@JulienTopcu
@JulienTopcu
UI
Rail Shopping
Rail Supply
Feature Team
#1
Feature Team
#2
Feature Team
#3
@JulienTopcu
| Model | Precision | Recall |
|---|---|---|
Organizational Structure
Code Churn
Code Complexity
Dependencies
Code Coverage
Pre-Release Bugs
86,2%
78,6%
79,3%
74,4%
83,8%
73,8%
84,0%
79,9%
66,0%
69,9%
54,4%
62,9%
Windows Vista
@JulienTopcu
Organizational Structure
A large loss of team members affects knowledge retention and therefore quality
The closer the person with decision-making power over a component is to the engineers who build it, the better the quality.
The more contributors to a component belong to the same team, the higher the quality
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System
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Payment
Shopping
User
Billing
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Payment
Shopping
User
Billing
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Payment
Shopping
User
Billing
User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
@JulienTopcu
User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
Billing
Shopping
User
Payment
Checkout
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Billing
Shopping
User
Payment
Checkout
User
Billing
Payment
Shopping
Checkout
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Inverse Conway Maneuver
Dealing with creaky legacy platforms
Jonny LeRoy & Matt Simons - December 2010
Cutter IT Journal
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B
P
O
A
Structure eats Strategy
Jan Bosch - 2017
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Nigel Bevan, PhD
Avril 1998
Usability issues in website design
- Define the business objectives of the site
- Site Structure and Content
- Page Design
- Evaluation Methods
- Management and Maintenance
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Usability issues in website design
- Define the business objectives of the site
- Site Structure and Content
- Page Design
- Evaluation Methods
- Management and Maintenance
Business
Architecture
Process
Organization
Nigel Bevan, PhD
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Architecture
B
A
P
O
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Domain-Driven Design
Problem Space
Solutions Space
B
A
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© Alberto Brandolini
Event Storming
B
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B
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B
Item
Catalogue
Cart
Price
Payment
ORder
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Shopping
Payment
B
A
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A
P
Supplier <- Customer
mutually dependent
Context Map
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A
P
Partnership
mutually dependent
Context Map
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B
P
O
A
Mapping the Business with an EventStorming
Strategic Domain-Driven Design
Make bounded-contexts emerge
Highlights the balance of power between contexts and possible communication processes
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But don't give much guidance on how to organize!
Strategic Domain-Driven Design
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P
O
@JulienTopcu
Limit the size of software services/products to the cognitive load that the team can handle
P
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Shopping
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P
O
User
Billing
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Stream-Aligned
O
(Bounded-Context)
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User