Finding exoplanets

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/ways-to-find-a-planet/

Radial Velocity

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/ways-to-find-a-planet/

Transits

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/ways-to-find-a-planet/

Direct Imaging

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/ways-to-find-a-planet/

Gravitational microlensing

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/ways-to-find-a-planet/

Astrometry

TESS camera apertures

Kepler primary mirror

https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/interactive/science/space/keplers-tally-of-planets.html

TESS

Most stars aren' t single

but atmospheric turbulence limit resolution to 

The problem of the atmosphere

details = color ÷ telescope size

details = color ÷ atmosphere turbulence (~10cm)

Classifying

exoplanets

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/exoplanet-travel-bureau/

https://exoplanets.nasa.gov/alien-worlds/galaxy-of-horrors/

https://exoplanetarchive.ipac.caltech.edu/

• Hot Jupiters
• lava planets
• rogue planets

https://www.nasa.gov/feature/jpl/20-intriguing-exoplanets

• lethal rain
• devoured planets
• evaporating planets
• eccentric orbits
• ocean planets
• zombie planets

Tidally locked planets

Eyeball planets

Multiple-habitable worlds in a single system?

Circumbinary planets

Kepler-16

Super-Earth or mini-Neptune?

Garnet planets

Plate tectonics & magnetic fields - these are important for life

We know the compositions of the stars.....the same elements likely go into the planets that form

Atmospheres

&

Biosignatures? 

Oxygen

Giordano Bruno

(1548 – 1600)

Italian Friar

• proposed stars were distant suns surrounded by their own planets
• possibility that these planets might foster life of their own
• insisted that the universe is infinite and could have no center

1593 - was tried for heresy and later burned at the stake

Oct 1995

Light

Characteristics

• Intensity
  • photometry
    • magnitudes
    • transits
• Wavelength
  • spectrum
    • radial velocity
    • composition
  • incandescence 
  • emission
  • absorption
• Interference
• Polarization
  • linear
  • circular

Solar system

http://joshworth.com/dev/pixelspace/pixelspace_solarsystem.html

http://www.omgspace.net/

• Why does Saturn have rings? What are the rings?

Moons that are other worlds:

Stars

Stellar Evolution

<0.08

0.08-0.4

0.4-8

>8

>20

>3

1.4-3

>1.4

Solar Masses

Scales and galaxies

Oumuamua

Random

• How does climate change affect NASA? (if the world is going to end, if climate change is such a big problem, wont that affect our study of other planets)

  • https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics/2015-whats-warming-the-world/

Why is the government underfunding NASA? Are there other ways for NASA to get money?

https://www.thebalance.com/nasa-budget-current-funding-and-history-3306321

https://www.nasa.gov/topics/benefits/index.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=19&v=84wJYwsEx0s&feature=emb_logo 

Was the moon landing fake?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_loUDS4c3Cs&t=3s

https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2018/12/12/heres-your-proof-that-we-landed-on-the-moon-steph-curry/#1229c00249d9

• photos from LRO
• photos from the missions:
  • https://www.flickr.com/photos/projectapolloarchive/albums
• equipment on the moon
  • seismometers
  • laser retroreflectors
• lunar samples
• broadcast tracking -inc Soviets

https://apolloinrealtime.org/11/