HTML BASICS

HTML

  • HTML is a language for describing web pages
  • HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language
  • HTML is a markup language
  • A markup language is a set of markup tags
  • The tags describe document content
  • HTML documents contain HTML tags and plain text
  • HTML documents are also called web pages

WHAT IS HTML?

  • HTML - tagged markup language documents. HTML is a Markup Language. It is used to describe a structure of a webpage, so that your browser knows how to display the webpage. When you visit a webpage, you see your browser's rendering of the underlying HTML. Any document in the HTML language is a set of elements, with the beginning and end of each element is indicated by a special mark - Tags
  • Tag - named label - the text contained between the start and end tag is displayed and placed in accordance with the properties specified in the start tag <small> text size smaller </ small>

HTML

PAGE STRUCTURE

html - root element that starts & ends a page
head - instructions for browser ( not visible except <title>)
body - all visible content goes here

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Page title goes here</title>
  </head>
  <body>
    Content goes here!
  </body>
</html>

PAGE STRUCTURE

BASIC STRUCTURE

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
    <head>
        <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
        <title>Example of a Web page</title>
    </head>
    <body>
        <h1>Title</h1>

        <!-- Comment-->

        <p>The first paragraph.</p>
        <p>The second paragraph.</p>
    </body>
</html>

HTML-document tag lies in <html> and </ html>
Between these tags are two sections:

  • Section header (<head>)
  • Section document body (<body>).

STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT

DOCTYPE

  • Tells the browser which version of (X) HTML you use on your page.
  • Since the process of evolution has several versions of the HTML markup language to interpret the document browser must be reported, in what standard the document should be displayed.

DOCTYPE

HEAD

Defining a description for your page

<meta name="description" content="Web tutorial">

Defining keywords for your page

<meta name="keywords" content="HTML, JavaScript, VBScript">

META

BODY

What is <head>

What is <body>

<head> (auxiliary part, helps the browser to work with the data)
     - Describe the document - <title>
     - Connect the system files to the document (css / js, library, favicon, etc.) - <link>
     - Keywords, description meta tags, encoding, and others. - <Meta>
 </ head>

<body> (document body) - There is written the information to be displayed on the screen:

  • lists
  • titles
  • menus
  • paragraphs
  • pictures
  • etc.

 </ body>

HEAD AND BODY

TAGS

  • HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements 
  • ƒHTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and > 
  • The surrounding characters are called angle brackets 
  • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b> 
  • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag 
  • The text between the start and end tags is the element content 
  • HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>

WHAT ARE HTML TAGS?

Each type of tag affects the text inside of it in a different way

Some tags, including < div> and < span> hardly affect their inner text. We use them for organizational and reference purposes, such as separating a piece of text from its surrounding text so that we can style it (e.g. make it blue).

  • HTML markup tags are usually called HTML tags
  • HTML tags are keywords (tag names) surrounded by angle brackets like <html>
  • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
  • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
  • The end tag is written like the start tag, with a forward slash before the tag name
  • Start and end tags are also called opening tags and closing tags            

TAGS

  • HTML tags are mostly in the form pairs like <p> and </p>
  • The first tag in the pair is called the opening tag and second one is called closing tag
  • The closing tag is exactly the same as opening tag except it has a slash before the tag name

TAGS

ELEMENTS

  • HTML tags are used to mark-up HTML elements
  • HTML tags are surrounded by the two characters < and >
  • The surrounding characters are called angle brackets
  • HTML tags normally come in pairs like <b> and </b>
  • The first tag in a pair is the start tag, the second tag is the end tag
  • The text between the start and end tags is the element content
  • HTML tags are not case sensitive, <b> means the same as <B>

HTML ELEMENTS

ATTRIBUTES

They are used to enhance the ability of individual tags, and to add more flexibility to manage the contents of the container.

Tags can have attributes. Attributes can provide additional information about the HTML elements on 
your page. The <tag> tells the browser to do something, while the attribute tells the browser how to  do it. For instance, if we add the bgcolor attribute, we can tell the browser that the background color  of your page should be blue, like this: <body bgcolor="blue">.

ATTRIBUTES

ENCODING

To tell the browser what encoding symbols are Web pages, you must set the .

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Encoding</title>
    <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=windows-1251">
  </head>
  <body>
    <p>
      Cyrillic
    </p>
  </body>
</html>

For the Windows operating system and Cyrillic charset usually takes the value of utf-8 or windows-1251

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=encoding name">

ENCODING

COMMENTS

  • Comment tags <!-- and --> are used to insert comments in HTML
  • Comments are not displayed by the browser
  • Comments can help document HTML
  • Comments can help in debugging HTML and help finding errors in the document

COMMENTS

TAGS BY PURPOSE

TAGS BY PURPOSE

Allow divide texts into sections

HEADERS

<Ul> tag sets a bulleted list. Each entry must start with the tag <li> (list item)

UNORDERED LIST

<ol> tag sets a numbered list. Each entry must begin with a <li> tag

ORDERED LIST

One list can be nested into another list

NESTED LISTS

Tag <dl> (definition list) creates a list of definitions. It includes the tag <dt> - is what we want to describe and tag <dd> is where we write the definition of the term.

DEFENITION LIST

<div> element is a block element and is intended to highlight the fragment to change the type of content. Typically, the form block is controlled via styles. By itself (without attributes and styles css), <div> tag does not affect the elements of html pages

DIVISION

The HTML <p> element defines a paragraph.
Generally, the units share the text paragraphs (paragraphs). By default between paragraphs there is a small vertical indentation called margin.

PARAGRAPH

Tag <hr> adds a horizontal rule

It is a block element

It doesn't have a closed tag

HORIZONTAL RULE

Any table consists of rows and cells that are set using the tag <tr> and <td>

TABLES

  • src - the image url
  • alt - alternative text. It is shown when the image is not available

IMAGES

  • href - url to a resource
  • name - it sets the name of the anchor 

LINK

Most of these elements are not used anymore. Text formatting is usually done using CSS

TEXT FORMAT

Breaks the line where this tag is placed

BREAK LINE

PREFORMATTED TAGS

Span is universal inline element. It does not do anything

SPAN

TAGS BY TYPE

BLOCK

INLINE

These elements are shown as rectangles extending each other downwards.
This element takes up the entire available width, the height of the element is determined by its contents, and it always begins on a new line.

These are the elements of the document that are just part of a string.
These elements are arranged one behind the other in the same row, if they don't fit in their parent, it is transferred to another line.

TAG TYPES

<div> - section of the document
<h1> - <h6> - headlines
<li> - list item
<p> - the paragraph / paragraph
<ul> - bulleted list
<ol> - numbered list
<dl> - a list of definitions
<table> - table
<tr> - creates a row in the table

BLOCK TAGS

<a> - creating links
<b> - bold font sets
<br> - newline
<i> - sets the italic font
<span> - a versatile line element
<th> - creates a header cell in a table
<td> - creates a table cell
<sup> - displays the font as a superscript

INLINE TAGS

COLORS

  • Colors are displayed combining RED,  GREEN, and BLUE 
  • Values vary from 00 to FF (hexadecimal)

COLORS

COLOR CODES

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
  <head>
    <title>Encoding</title>
  </head>
  <body style="background-color: #cccccc;">
    <p style="background-color: rgb(0,255,0);">
      Text
    </p>
  </body>
</html>

To set background to the element use style attribute:

BACKGROUND

DOM

Document Object Model

  • When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page
  • The HTML DOM model is constructed as a tree of Objects

DOM

DOM HIERARCHY

VALIDATION

Validation is a checking of a document by the special program - validator to compliance with the web standards and detection of existing errors. These standards are called specification (developed by the World Wide Web Consortium or abbreviated W3C).

Work validator is as follows: first, determine the type of document (specified with the <! DOCTYPE>), and then for the correctness and error-checked HTML-code. At the same time as checks for proper use of the name tags of their nesting.

VALIDATION

  1. Validation syntax
  2. Check the nesting of tags
  3. Validation DTD
  4. Check for foreign elements

If at least one of the tests is not successful, then HTML is considered as invalid

CHECKING

For 

The main argument for the validation of HTML is the provision of cross-browser compatibility

Against

Validation is too strict, and does not correspond to specified requirements for websites

Should i use Validation?

It will help you to:

  • Identify existing weaknesses
  • Write correct code

definitely yes

  1. Visit http://validator.w3.org/
  2. Choose validation source or use direct input
  3. Click check
  4. There are should be no errors in the responce

HOW TO USE VALIDATION

  • What is HTML
  • HTML Page structure
  • What is HEAD and BODY
  • What is META, Doctype
  • What is Tag
  • What is Attribute
  • Encodding
  • Headers
  • Lists
  • Div
  • Paragraph
  • Link
  • Pre tags
  • Break line
  • Span
  • Tag types
  • Colors
  • DOM
  • Validation
  • Horizontal
  • Image

WHAT WE'VE LEARNED

  1. Create HTML Page with basic markup
  2. Add Meta information
  3. Add Headers from 1 to 6 and after each header add a horizontal line
  4. Add list
  5. Add div and change its background using HEX format
  6. Att simple table with 3 columns and 2 rows
  7. Add image 
  8. Add link to your favorite site
  9. Add pre tag with white space
  10. Add paragraph with four lines which are broken by <br> tag

TASK

HTML tutorial

http://htmlbook.ru/samhtml

HOMEWORK

Meta

https://habrahabr.ru/post/72141/

http://htmlbook.ru/content/metategi

TASK

Сверстать страницу по этому макеты. Для текста можно использовать сервис http://ru.lipsum.com/

HTML Basics

By sinelshchikovigor

Source: Dima Pikulin

HTML Basics

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